Wolf and Moose Predator Prey Relationship in Isle Royal

Service director Stephen Matter inspected the Island, deeming it fit for a national park. In a report on the field study of the potential for Isle Royals as a national park, Adolph Muriel wrote: â€Å"To administer Isle Royals as a wilderness area, It Is Important to secure a personnel which has a feeling for wilderness and an understanding of wilderness values; otherwise the desire to be doing something to the areas will be hard to curb. The administrators should be told that their success and achievements will be measured, not by projects accomplished, but by projects sidetracked.In the management of a wilderness area, we must somehow depart from the 20th century tempo of activity†¦ † In 1931 President Hoover signed the bill, making Isle Royals a national park, although formal dedication was delayed until August of 1946 due to World War II. Isle Royals National Park would become a natural laboratory to study the predator prey relationship between wolves and moose. The p ark Is free of roads, development and hunting. These conditions created a rare opportunity to research the moose and wolves Inhabiting the Island, In a nearly untouched environment.Wolves not originally native to Isle Royals, migrated on an ice bridge between Thunder Bay, Ontario and the island in 1949. Moose had come to the island some 50 years before by swimming through the icy Lake Superior. There was concern among the National Park Service that the wild wolf population would get out of hand. Robert Line, for the National Park Service, became the first naturalist for Isle Royals and began a study on wolves in 1956. Linen's study focused on how many wolves inhabited Isle Royals and how their activities might affect the moose population.Linen's letter and reports based on his study revealed that wolves were indeed not a threat to people and subsequently helped establish a policy through the National Park Service that would support the existence of an unmanaged wolf population. In 1 958 Outward Allen and his graduate student Dave Minch met Line when they first visited Isle Royals when they began a 10-year study to evaluate the role of the wolf with funds from the National Geographic Society and the United States Forest Service. Line would also become a huge supporter both morally and financially. Historically wolves have been systematically hunted, trapped and poisoned byAmericans and Europeans. The United States government via the United States Biological Survey was involved in a wolf eradication program for years. Humans have been fearful and loathe of wolves and have almost completely stamped them out of the ecosystem. Outward Allen writes â€Å"The wolf doesn't live in the forest; he infests it. You don't Just kill a predator; you execute him. You don't hunt him for sport; you track him down in a crusade for moral reform. † The goals of the project were and are; wolf predation patterns, wolf behavior and ecology and moose population dynamics.Studies of wolf predation patterns have accentuated the age and sex of the moose killed, other prey species, effect of snow depth and hunting success. Hierarchy in the packs, breeding, territoriality and relationships with other neoprene species has also been detected. Moose field observations included age and sex ratios, population size, productivity, habitat relationships, food habits and mortality factors. Without predators for nearly 50 years, the moose population thrived. Their diets consist of much of the vegetation on the island and did not have ample competition from other herbivores.The wolves began to be seen as a worthy component that could help control the overly large moose population. The base for research was initially out of the Winding Ranger Station; Flights were made everyday to observe the natural habitat of wolves and moose. Aerial observation became the prime method of research for both of the species. In 1975 Allen decided to retire and handed the project over to on e of his last Ph. D. Students, Roll Peterson. At this time the headquarters were also moved to Michigan Technological University in Houghton, also the mainland headquarters for the park.The wolf population grew from one alpha female and two male wolves that migrated on the ice bridge. For years the population grew steadily and hunted moose on the island, helping control the population. The wolves' primary diet on the island is beaver, moose and hare. An interesting connection between wolves and ravens was also observed which is uncommon in other carnivores. Even in folklore the relationship between wolves and ravens has been recorded, where the wolf goes the raven will follow. Ravens scavenge wolves' prey, sometimes leading wolves to a circus to tough for the raven's beak to penetrate.Ravens can steal up to one-third of the circus leading to Just one reason as to why wolves hunt in packs- to minimize the portion of the circus lost to ravens. Wolves and ravens have also been seen pla ying together. In 1980 the wolf population grew to 50, an all time high. During this same time the moose also appeared to be much healthier than before. Just nine years later, in 1989 the wolf population fell drastically to only 12 members. It is not entirely clear as to why this decline happened but there are a couple of suspects. There was a ovoviviparous outbreak among dogs and wolves in the mainland of Michigan.Dogs are not allowed on the park but are occasionally brought over illegally by boaters. The disease is primarily transmitted through oral-nasal contact and can even be spread by feces on hikers boots. There has also been a concern for genetic diversity, because the entire wolf population is derived from one alpha female, the wolves may be loosing 10-15% moose lived without predation for nearly 50 years their population soared. When the wolves arrived the moose population and vegetation on the island became much healthier. Yet their population soared once again. Through A llen, Minch andPeterson research it still has not become totally clear as to why the populations shift so drastically. The main reasons appear to be because of climactic factors, tick outbreaks and food shortages. Although there are fluctuations in the moose population of Isle Royals it stays at a steady pace and has no sign of dying out. As of 2014 there are only nine wolves left on the island. Due to inbreeding and the ovoviviparous the wolf population has grown weak and has begun to die off. The ice bridge that once formed regularly between Thunder Bay, Ontario and the island does to form as often as it used to due to rising temperatures in the region.Now the question is being asked if scientists should intervene and introduce new wolves to create stronger genetic variation. On April 9th, the National Park Service stated it would not take any immediate actions to bring new wolves to Isle Royals. Opinions vary as to what should be done; some believe intervention would corrupt the study and others think wolves should be reintroduced to the island. Roll Peterson, the head scientist studying Isle Royals insists that letting Mother Nature take her course old imply that Mother Nature is intact, but, â€Å"we have been cutting her fingers off for a long time. Most likely there will be no intervention and the pack will go extinct for scientific purposes and then the National Park Service may reintroduce wolves to Isle Royals. This would be a unique experience for scientific observation and give insight to what populations around the world are headed for. Outward Allen described the study as â€Å"one of those continuous searches into the unknown that has no foreseeable end. † The long-term wolf/moose research at Isle Royals has provided unique and one of a kind opportunity for science. It has provided an important insight to the unpredictability of ecosystems.Long-term research is a vital component of understanding long-term processes that could help secure our long- term existence and the well being of the planet. To avoid disturbance the park is legally closed by the National Park Service between November 1st and April 1 5th, it is also zoned for visitor use and about 50% of the island is closed to camping. Isle Royals has been in countless news stories and has received wide support from the public. At one time the island was seen as America's greatest moose refuge and now attracts attention because of the wolves.This study has also massively changed the public opinion on wolves in general; people widely support the reintroduction of wolves into parks such as Yellowstone. Wolves are a part of the ecosystem as much as moose or any other animal, they are not villains. Isle Royals is a prime example of wilderness values. The island provides a rare opportunity to observe biodiversity and its impact on ecological balance. Isle Royals maybe more so than other wilderness areas is kept as untouched by man as can be in order not to disturb t he wolves and moose.

Road Not Taken Robert Frost

Journeys illustrate the voyage between places of interest. They are demonstrated by expressing to the audience the hardship and mixed emotions you go through to the destination. Some examples of positive effects on those who embark on a mission are that it hinders them to get out of their comfort zone and helps them appreciate what they have, if a problem occurs while embarking on your voyage it will have to be resolved to make the mission you board on possible. The text analysed â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost and the type of text is poetry. My second choice of text was â€Å"The Wizard of Oz† by Victor Fleming the text type is a movie. Some possible techniques analysed are rhyme, imagery, symbolism, long shot, up shot and a full shot. In the title â€Å"The Road Not Taken† describes a journey that hasn’t been trekked upon; people chose the comfort of a common path to avoid obsticles of hardship and beyond the unknown. In the movie â€Å"The Wizard of Oz†, the hardship of deciding which road or path to take by choosing which pathway she will travel on the unknown. Embarking on the unknown; in the poem The Road Not Taken, the author uses rhyme to make it easier or clearer for the reader to contemplate. â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, and be one traveller long I stood. † In â€Å"Two roads diverged† it was offering us a choice on which path to stride on, by illustrating â€Å"yellow wood† it characterizes the road as cautious. â€Å"And be one traveller long I stood† one traveller alone, no companion, own choice, uncertainty of which path to voyage on. Therefore the uncertainty is the obsticle of hardship of his journey. Furthermore in the movie, The Wizard of Oz we distinguish Dorothy and Toto embarking on their journey. In the long shot Dorothy and Toto illustrate the extensive road ahead of them. It also shows the solitude of Dorothy that she’s got nowhere left to go apart from running away. The baggage in her hand emphasizes that she’s taken everything she owned and not returning home. Low modality demonstrates the gloominess of the journey ahead. In relation to ‘The Road Not Taken’ and ‘The Wizard of Oz’ both texts, illustrate solitude, hardship, beyond the unknown and the uncertainty of choice. Embarking on the unknown; in the poem ‘The Road Not Taken’ the author uses imagery to illustrate the choice between the different paths. The unknown is there to explore. â€Å"Then took the other, as just as fair, and having perhaps the better claim, because it was grassy and wanted wear. † In ‘Then took the other just as fair’ illustrates to us that the author portrays the rare choice of which path he chose to take. ’And having perhaps the better claim’ the author is certain that he’s made the right choice. ‘Because it was grassy and wanted wear’ the imagery described as the grass has never been tread on or hasn’t been walked on; undisturbed. Therefore the text symbolizes the choice of journeys undertaken prior. Furthermore in the movie ‘The Wizard of Oz’ we observe Dorothy, Glinda and the wicked witch of the west. In the full shot we establish that Dorothy’s house has landed on top of the wicked witch of the east. The witch of the west approaches to save the ruby shoes but they are mysteriously positioned on Dorothy’s feet. The witch cautions Dorothy that there will be vengeance. In the full shot we observe Dorothy’s face that she’s petrified. The full shot demonstrates emotions on the characters face. In the background the munchkins are laying flat on the ground terrified from the witch after the witch’s journey flying. In relation to â€Å"The Road Not Taken† and â€Å"The Wizard of Oz† in both texts we establish the uncertainty of choice chosen and the different journey’s they embark upon. Embarking on the unknown; the author uses symbolism to illustrate the colour of his journey. â€Å"And that morning equally lay, in leaves no step had trodden black. † In ‘leaves o step had trodden black’ this portrays that no living being had ever walked upon this path before due to the fact that the black is symbolising gloominess and depression. Therefore, again the uncertainty of the unknown is the obsticle of the journey he’s embarking upon. Furthermore, in the movie â€Å"The Wizard of Oz† we establish the flying monkeys in the air with Dorothy in their arms. The upshot was used to illustrate to us the length and height they flew up from the ground to emphasize to the viewers that they should be fearful of them. The dull use of colours focuses on the darkness the witch and the monkeys originate from. The monkeys disrupt Dorothy’s journey which she was so close to getting to her destination. In relation to both texts we distinguish the interruption of the journey, the gloominess of the different types of journey you embark upon. In conclusion to these two texts we establish that journeying upon the unknown can position you in a situation you don’t want to be placed in. Also the hardship and the uncertainty of choice upon the voyage and the solitude of both characters in both texts are demonstrated throughout the mission. Furthermore we learn that different types of dangers and obsticles can interrupt the journey you are embarking upon.

Globalised Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Globalised Education - Essay Example It is a process in which both the teacher and learner learns, developing transferable skills and knowledge that can be applied to competitive markets where knowledge and information are being traded as a commodity. Means like computers and internet, have a given a new face to the process of education. The globalised education had brought up many issues also while evolving as a lifelong learning and training process, and the poster strives to reflect these aspects. The significance of the poster is that it focuses on the importance of globalised education. Especially the quote *"Students cannot be effective in tomorrow's world if they are trained in yesterday's skills" is noteworthy in that it emphasizes the role of globalised education in moulding the future generation. (Francis, et al. 2000). The poster intends to promulgate the idea that for a better, result -oriented future, the teaching and learning process should be built on a global consideration. To establish a balanced impression, the poster also endeavours to provide a critical view of globalised education by drawing the attention of the viewers towards the disadvantages of globalised learning.

Summary of an article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Summary of an article - Essay Example It goes without saying that what has managed to sustain the timeless freshness and utility of StarCraft is a deluge of user generated content. The game software has the provision for a Campaign Editor, which allows the players to contrive varied possibilities, scenarios and modes. The game also has the scope for ambitious ‘total conversions’, thereby leading to a prolific, fan generated content pool, which has indeed played an important role in assuring the longevity of StarCraft. This contributory aspect raises many issues. Though these fan modes extended the relevance and scope of the game, many of these modes were unsuccessful as the tapered down and remained incomplete in the current times. This also turned out to be true in case of many other digital ventures. One big reason behind this drying up of user generated contribution tend to be the issues related to ownership and the tussle between contributions supportive of an open culture and the constraints imposed by proprietary claims over cultural

English teacher training in Sausi Arabia in light of the challenges of Research Proposal

English teacher training in Sausi Arabia in light of the challenges of reality and taking into account the requirements of the labor market - Research Proposal Example This may be caused by some of the reasons such as poor teach training, in-sufficient language learning settings, students’ immoderate attitudes, inappropriate materials or an amalgamation of all of the above mentioned causes (Al-Mohanna, 2008). Additionally, the educational system prevails over the use of the Arabic language, which is widely talked and understood throughout the academic world. Although this do not contribute the problems as much as the other factors, yet the English language finds a very less active response from the teachers involved in teaching English language. English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers have found the presence of sufficiently unqualified teachers in the Gulf region (Syed, 2003, p.337) and EFL teacher preparation programs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia can be understood as inadequate and nonsystematic (Al-Hazmi, 2003, p.341). Within the last four decades, graduates from the faculties of arts and graduates of college and education affiliated with the Saudi universities have been enabled to provide the services for EFL teachers in the country (Al-Hazmi, 2003, p.341). These teachers are trained and are provided with the bachelor’s degrees and associate’s degrees in the literature and in the English language. Additionally, colleges of education serve the students by educating them in the educational aspects; on the other hand, colleges of arts enable students to become English-Arabic translation specialists or English specialist, which may not be necessarily to enthrone them on the required level of English teache rs. Furthermore, both colleges of arts and EFL graduates of colleges of education are required to undergo a 4-year program; in which they are polished by offering courses in English literature, English language skills, applied linguistics, translation and linguistics. In

Answer questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answer questions - Essay Example The documentary includes various personal stories of individuals who have tried to fight the status quo in a bid to transform the health sector (Susan and Mathew, 2012). Question One: Importance of Preventive Medicine in Family Care Preventive medicine is at the core of the documentary. One of the objectives of the documentary is to encourage prevention rather than curing diseases. The current healthcare system is focused on treating diseases rather than on finding preventive solutions. This has resulted in Americans spending a lot on healthcare yet the condition seems to be worsening in recent years. The documentary reveals that the healthcare costs in America are rapidly increasing ad could reach an annual figure of about 4.2 trillions, which is about 20% of the country’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in ten years’ time (Susan and Mathew, 2012). The film further reveals that the nation spends up to the tune of 300 billion dollars on pharmaceutical drugs and about 75% o f the total healthcare costs are spent on preventable diseases (Susan and Mathew, 2012). These preventable diseases can also be attributed to the rising cases of disability among Americans. The greatest importance of preventive medicine in family care according to the documentary would be a reduction in healthcare costs (Susan and Mathew, 2012). Americans would have to spend less on treatment and their lifestyles would be improved a great deal. The country will be able to save a lot of money to invest in other sectors of the economy. This will also promote healthy living among people hence avoiding preventable diseases. Question Two: Main Issues the Film Raises with Current Healthcare System The documentary brings many of the problems affecting healthcare sector to the forefront. It raises issues affecting service providers in all sectors including primary care and family care among others. The documentary describes the current healthcare sector as broken in the sense that it is pro fit driven as opposed to patient driven, and focused on quick fixes rather than promoting prevention (Susan and Mathew, 2012). The current healthcare system is portrayed as being hugely extravagant with many unnecessary expenses going in to health problems that can be prevented. The film also states that the current health system has failed to realize any tangible results since the health issues have persistently been affecting Americans with more people being disabled and more other suffering from weight problems due to preventable causes. Question Three: Ways in Which an Existing Practice May Undermine Patient Outcomes Patient outcomes may be undermined in many ways in the current health system. Most of the service providers are profit centered as opposed to being patient centered. They would rather offer patients short-term solutions so that the patients spend more on treatment at the service provider’s benefit. Question Four: New Approaches for Improving Patient Outcomes The documentary puts forward two main approaches that can effectively reform the entire health system and improve patient outcomes. These are putting more focus on high-touch and preventative strategies. An approach relying more on high touch will ensure a lot of attention is given to the patient and the service they receive through a more face to face approach that ensures there is an understanding between the patients

Evaluate the book Fast Food Nation, arguing its value (or lack of Essay

Evaluate the book Fast Food Nation, arguing its value (or lack of value) for a specific group of citizens of the United States - Essay Example This paper aims to evaluate this book and determine whether it contains or lacks value to a specific group of citizens in the US. The US fast food industry started after the Second World War when the country came out of the Great Economic Depression. These times saw the country experience an economic boom that led to massive gains on all fronts of the economy. More jobs were created by the many industries, factories and corporations that were founded on the basis of this economic boom. This led to urbanization, which was characterized by people moving from rural areas to urban centers where there were job opportunities. The lifestyle in the city necessitated for there to be a system that could offer fast food services to the busy metropolitan population. This was because lifestyle, in cities, did not allow a lot of time to be spent on meals at the expense of working hours. Thus, the fast food industry was borne, out of this necessity, to offer fast and convenient food services and de livery to consumers on the go due to time constraints (Talwar 58). The book offers valuable lessons, insights and information, to parents, which enable them to make informed choices about the source of food they allow their children to consume. The information contained in the book can help parents realize the detriments of fast food in the diet of their children. U.S. parents are given insights on how to recognize marketing gimmicks and ploys that are aimed at ensnaring their children onto fast foods. They can use this newly gained information to protect their children form advertising campaigns directed at their children. Apart from the negative impact that fast foods have on health, which the book does not keenly elaborate on, there other crucial features in the book that are important. The use of marketing campaigns directed at children poses a significant risk to children. According to Schlosser, this is in the sense that it serves as a form of indoctrination because it leads t hese children to becoming lifetime loyal customers. This is despite the fact that habitual consumption of fast food meals is a key causative agent for a myriad of health problems. This advertising predisposes children to becoming loyal customers who are blind to the detrimental benefits of fast food meals (Nestle 208). Fast Food Nation provides vital information, to parents, which is utilized to shield the innocent minds, of children, from advertising that might have an impact on the rest of their lives. The chapter about the chemical compounds used, by fast food companies, to flavor their food stuffs offers crucial information that can be used by health professionals. The book gives an account of some chemical food additives with known harmful implications that are used to give these food stuffs that unique taste. These substances are used to give fast foods their unique aroma, taste and appearance so that they are appealing and attractive to their customers. Some of these chemical substances have recognized abilities to promote the development of diseases and conditions like diabetes and cancer. The impact of these chemical substances is especially magnified if consumed for a long time from a tender age. This is because these chemicals build up in the body, raising their concentrations to levels that can cause toxicity. The effects of these chemicals can have far-reaching effects that can last through generations where damage

ETMA05 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ETMA05 - Essay Example Under each respective heading a review of the advantages and disadvantages of litigation and ADR will be provided. The section titled â€Å"The ADR Process† will focus on exploring the issues which should be considered before making a decision whether or not ADR is suited to a particular case. This section mainly focuses on the Civil Procedure Rules 1998, particularly the overriding objective, which provides assistance in determining whether or not a case is suited to the ADR process. The section titled â€Å"Civil Trial† considers the advantages and disadvantages of litigation as a form of dispute resolution. Conclusion In the Conclusion, the findings will be summarised then an opinion shall be formed. This is in respect of what issues a solicitor should consider with a client before deciding if the case is suited to the ADR process. The conclusion refers to the main points in the Introduction and draws a close to the detailed points made in the main body of the essay. Question 2 Introduction Alternative dispute resolution (‘ADR’) is the term given to a variety of methods of resolving disputes other than by initiating court proceedings. Some examples of ADR are negotiation, mediation, arbitration, conciliation and adjudication. The various different forms of ADR vary considerably in terms of the procedure they adopt and the outcomes they are able to produce. For instance, arbitration is more akin to the court process, as it can produce a decision which is binding on the parties. Mediation, on the other hand, is more flexible in the approach which is adopted and the outcome can only be determined by mutual agreement between the parties. Irrespective of which form of ADR is used however, ADR now plays an important role in the English legal system. The important role ADR now enjoys largely results from a major review of the civil court rules and procedures in March 1994, which was carried out by Lord Woolf. The principal objective of th e review was to improve access to justice, whilst reducing the costs associated with litigation, thereby making the system more lay person friendly by reducing complexities, and removing unnecessary differences between practice and procedure. The review resulted in the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (‘CPR’), which came into effect on 26th April 1999. Albeit, even prior to the introduction of the 1998 Rules, it became apparent that ADR was going to play an important part in the new civil justice landscape. ADR is now an entrenched and integral part of the new civil justice system. The new civil justice system therefore operates on the premise that, inter alia, litigation ought to be avoided wherever possible. Where litigation is deemed necessary, however, Lord Woolf’s opinion was that the procedure ought to be less adversarial and more cooperative. ADR is a process that neatly fits into this new civil procedure framework. In fact, under the new CPR a party/person who fails to seriously consider ADR at the pre-trial stage could expose that party to a penalty at the costs stage of the litigation process. It follows therefore that legal representatives are under a professional duty to consider ADR, as an alternative to litigation, as a means of reaching an amicable settlement. Collectively all methods of resolving disputes

Hamptons International in UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hamptons International in UAE - Essay Example The paper is divided into separate sections with each section analyzing one component of the business. There is a section on applying Porter’s Five Forces and another on the BCG or the Boston Consulting Group Matrix as applied to Hamptons. A section provides the value chain analysis and another section covers the financial analysis with the conclusion recommending a set of strategies for the company going forward. Each section flows into the next in an attempt to provide a holistic and well rounded analysis of the company and its operations. Before concluding this Executive Summary, one needs to remember the words about Hamptons being a quintessentially British company which invokes images of history and elegance that is now under a different ownership that is moving aggressively to capture new markets and grow its business. It is this conflation of old world work ethic and modern business practices that make Hamptons International a unique and singular company to

Fuzzy Concepts Discussion Posts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fuzzy Concepts Discussion Posts - Essay Example Apart from recruiting civilians into various factions of the army, the posters were also used to raise war finances through the liberty bond scheme. The reason I’m fuzzy about these posters is that they lied to innocent civilians. The government through posters gave the people a false sense of pride in their countries and they readily accepted to risk their lives. Many were comical and casual and did not reflect the true situation that was at hand. This may be the main reason why many civilians willingly put their lives in an unworthy cause that saw many of them lose their lives. For instance, there is a poster where a young lady wishes that she was a man so that she could join the army. Such a poster was strategically used to invoke the feelings of all men to partake on the war. Some even have explicit undertones like ‘I Want You’ that could only be described as either vulgar or having poor satirical taste. I have to agree with you that Lord Kitchener’s poster was the most copied poster at the time. At the onset of the war, Britain’s army comprised of mostly the trained forces and the country needed to recruit more people into the army. They therefore invented the poster propaganda that was soon copied by other nations. Most British posters had the symbol of St. George slaying a dragon- which represented German. And the messages ranged from honor and pride for the nation to shameful mobilization of civilians. For instance, the poster with the message: ‘Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?’ is using children to blackmail their parents. The American approach was not open, direct and blatant as the British posters; however they all served the same purpose. In America, they were chiefly used in raising war funds. The main theme in these posters was portrayal of money as an important ingredient in military

The Canterbury Tales Essay Example for Free

The Canterbury Tales Essay What do we learn about religion from studying the general prologue of The Canterbury Tales, With reference to two of the characters, the prioress and the Monk? Geoffrey Chaucer was born in 1340, his family were from London. Chaucer became a page in royal court and was educated with highly experience of people around him from the very rich to the ordinary working man helped him to write the Canterbury Tales. The Canterbury Tales is a framework story. It is about a group of pilgrims who go on a pilgrimage to Canterbury. While at the Tabard Inn, on the night before the journey, Chaucer describes them, The Monk and the Prioress are two of the pilgrims travelling with Chaucer. Using irony, Chaser seems at first to be compliment them. This is when his character he realises he is pointing out their fault and the criticising the church. The prioress was a Nun who travelled with Chaucer to Canterbury. While in the Inn Chaucer describes her, saying, That of hie smylyng was ful simple and coy. Chaucer also writes, hir gretteste ooth was by saint Loy. Nuns are meant to be holy, they have committed there lives to God, they are meant to follow the commandments given to Moses, not even to swear a little bit is acceptable let alone to swear at all. Chaucer also writes, Ful;wel she song the survace divine, She was singing not to please God but to catch the eye of the other people in the church. Chaucer says that the prioress ate her meal with elegance, he said she had beautiful manners and that she was entertaining to watch, Mate wel y taught was she with alla, Amyable of port. Later on in the text Chaucer comments about her beauty on a number of occasions. Nuns have to take a vow of poverty and should not have any possessions. Clearly she possesses make-up and fine clothes. God should be the Centre of her life and she should only be doing things he wants her to do. Chaucer thinks that the prioress isnt acting and behaving as she should and that she should forget about the pilgrimage to Canterbury and start to learn once again about being a nun. The Monk was according to Chaucer a fine looking man, Fair for the mainstrve, This man was not just a monk but an outryere. In those days lots of irony was used and an outrider was a person who could go out of his monasteries to do work for the church. Chaucer also sats that this monk, lovede Venerye and Ful many a deyntee hors haddle he in stable. The monk had taken a vow of poverty just like the prioress, so this monk shouldent have any possessions. Chaucer also writes about his brydel which was Gynglen in a whistynge waynge wynd. This monk was also drawing attention to himself while he was meant to be out doing the work of the church; he was treating this work like a holiday. This monk was fashionable and enjoyed best quality food. A fat swan love he best of any roast. Swans were very expensive, so he must have eaten this while he was out doing the work of the church. He was caring for his freedom, not commitment while he should have been caring for the poor not indulging himself. Although Chaucer wrote the Canterbury Tales about 600 years ago, it is still valid today. The nun and the Monk speak for themselves, they say that human nature doesnt change and that some people will always be greedy and selficha dns some people will be nice and kind, this was Chaucers job, to show them up in his writings.

World Peace Essay Example for Free

World Peace Essay Have you ever wondered if world peace is something that we truly desire? If so, why haven’t we started doing something in order to achieve it? I’m going to tell you why: Because it doesn’t exist. Peace has become one of the most important everlasting issues in all centuries, and it’s a concept that will continue to haunt future generations as long as we keep on doing nothing to make it happen. It is an utopian idea which consists of respecting each other’s beliefs and ideals. This means having patience towards others who are different from us, no matter what their skin colour is, age, ethnic group, sex, social status or sexual preference. Currently, one of the most popular social issues is homophobia. Homophobes, they’re people who will never accept gays and lesbians because of the erroneous idea of being â€Å"abnormal†, â€Å"against nature†, because God didn’t make us â€Å"that way† biologically or simply because they feel repulsed by the idea of two persons of the same sex in love with each other. If they really wanted to give world peace a shot, they would have to understand that it’s a matter of different tastes and points of view. It’s something as stupid as preferring red over blue or liking both. Moreover, it’s something that you cannot decide for yourself, it’s the way you are and there’s nothing you can do about it. If there’s something imperative in order to reach world peace is that we must act out and it must start with us. To accomplish that, we have to feel comfortable with the way we are, the way we look and the way we think. If you don’t start by respecting yourself nobody will, consequently, you won’t be able to accept others as they are. Therefore there will never be peace amongst us. Peace has to start at home. It has to be taught to us since we’re little so we can grow with those ideals, and not with the ones we currently have, those of revenge, challenge, greed and arrogance. As this would never happen by itself, we would have to live in a Hitler-like regime where we would have to think and believe the same things so as to be equal. To be all raised this way would be difficult, robot-like, monotonous, very boring and would bring with it problems such as rebellions which are far away from being a peaceful act. Equality is a very important concept when talking about peace. There shan’t be difference between a man and a woman. It’s the only thing that would make us stop fighting amongst each other since there would be nothing to fight about. We would have to own the same things and basically have the same knowledge as your mate next door, and do you know what we call this? : Communism. If you think about this, it wouldn’t even work because now we know that there are some things that exist which we won’t be able to have when we live under this regime. Maybe in a completely new generation. If this were possible, we would have to have the same ideas or else there’d be the risk of creating new political movements, which would again disagree with this way of thinking. It’s a never-ending circle. This is something that also happens with religion. There have been numerous attempts of reaching world peace but obviously they have failed because of the different ways of seeing things. Religions will never come to an agreement with each other. Religions have actually caused more conflicts, separation and wars rather than peace. Which I must say is quite ironic. By now you should have noticed that world peace is an issue that can never come to an end because people’s opinions vary a lot and it’s a shame that we will never be able to walk down the street without being judged. But then again, is world peace what we really want?

Framing News on Foreign Countries: Media Interests

Framing News on Foreign Countries: Media Interests Framing news on foreign countries: Media Interests and Motivations. Analyzing 10 yrs of US and UK newspaper editorials on Venezuela. 1)INTRODUCTION Media organizations are essential in international affairs in terms of their important role in providing information to the public.[3] The question has often been whether the Media frames news in the context of the national interest of the host country, for example. Whether they reflect official position without challenging them or rather influence national interest objectives by putting pressure on politicians. The Medias interest and other motivating factors are essential for understanding how editorials for instance are framed. Lacking in the study of Media framing is the application to bilateral relations. This study would attempt to add that dimension to the numerous researches on the Media in international affairs. It would analyze editorials by four prominent newspapers in the United States and the United Kingdom on issues concerning Venezuela. The aim is to find the likely motivating factors when it comes to framing news on foreign countries For many countries the media represents an important window to the international world. Patched knowledge on foreign issues would be close to a reality without a source of information about what happens elsewhere in the world, made available by the media. In democratic countries in particular, the reliance on the media for foreign news might be as important as the quest for local news. Images of foreign countries, issues and happenings in a particular country abroad are likely to be influenced by the media to a much larger scale when impressions are created of a healthy or strained bi-lateral relations, for instance. Due to factors such as cultural assumptions and political beliefs, it is believed that news carves out images and impressions of the world some of which are preferred over other images.[4] The media, both electronic and print are a major component of the democratic processes in several countries. The media has often been referred to, in many countries, as an important branch of the government with roles from functioning as the main political informant'[7] There has been several publications on issues of Media and Government relations by several authors. For instance, in the scope of international relations and communications, there have been books published on the issue of how the media works in or out of line with foreign policy or the national interest. The debate has been whether or not the media is likely to support the national interest of the country in which it operates in relation to other countries(as the theory of Manufacturing Consent depicts)[9]. Either option makes foreign events relevant to the media. On the whole the media is believed to reflect social consensus.[15] There may be variations in the nature of the Media depending on the region or country of operation. A media in a democratic country may be freer than those in a non-democratic country so news coverage, media culture and ethics could vary. In this study, a section of the Media in two democratic countries would be analyzed in terms of their positions on issues in a third country(Venezuela). What would be of interest to this study, as mention earlier, would be the factors that would be most highlighted in the accounts of these editorials. It may bring about issues of objectivity and latent Media interests or the interests of the consumers of the news content. In the US for example, the Media is often said to domesticate foreign news. The themes represented in news in the US are those which often have some relevance to American interests.[17] Thus, how the media frames news is largely important for understanding the positions they yield to and their response to certain foreign events. In issues of national interest and in relation to bilateral relations, it would be important to know how the media in different countries frame news on events in countries abroad. 2) LITERATURE REVIEW NEWS FRAMING Entman, (1993) suggests that the concept of framing could be studied as a feature of a political discourse or as an instrument applied by the Media in making news.[19] And by extension, Media analysis or news analysis would deserve a look at the concept of news framing. Framing is, the process by which a communication source constructs and defines a social or political issue for its audienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?.[23] Framing theory is also applicable to Media analysis. Media frames as explained by Entman (1991: 7), are attributes of news itself.[24] In a broad sense, frames are regarded as persistent patterns of cognition, interpretation, and presentation, and as selection, emphasis, and exclusion, by which symbol handlers routinely organize discourse, whether verbal or visual.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?.[27] Tuchman showed how framing as a process theory works. And that the routine procedures used by newsmakers, direct news frames in a particular way. She argues that these procedures continually help showcase certain places and ideas, while consistently closing off and blocking inquiry into others.[29] Entman (1993: 52) helped refine the scope of the definition given to news framing. He established that by the definition of news frame, frames could be seen as a process that defines problems à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" determine what a causal agent is doing with what costs and benefits, usually measured in terms of common cultural values; diagnose causes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" identify the forces creating the problem; make moral judgments à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" evaluate causal agents and their effects; and suggest remedies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" offer and justify treatments for the problems and predict their likely effects.[30] Entman, (1991:7) also showed that frames used by the media are often captured in the keywords, metaphors, concepts, symbols and visual images in news narratives. He stresses the point that one way is which news framing works is through repetition which is important for Media news framing because news narratives, usually dependent on frames, are meant to direct attention to certain ideas, while excluding certain other ideas.[33] It has also been established that Framing involves processes of inclusion and exclusion as well as emphasis.'[38] Framing also has the ability to make consumers of news accept and adopt some symbolic themes and values.[39] While the process of selectively and emphasis is carried out by the newsmakers, those for whom a particular news is meant, are also likely to be predisposed to understanding and interpreting information in a selective way. Framing has also been explained to be the process of placing information into a context of preconscious symbolism. [43] The framing process employed by the Media is regarded as key to shaping both the publics and decision-makers knowledge, image and understanding of the world.[49]. Perhaps a perfect definition of the concept of framing in relation to the print media is the fact that, a frame is a central organizing idea or story line that provides meaning to an unfolding strip of events, weaving a connection among them. The frame suggests what the controversy is about and the essence of the issue'[53] One of the significant areas in relation to framing of news and Media positioning is Foreign Policy. Assessments of the response of the media to foreign issues is largely based on a critical analysis of how the media operates or how a particular section of the media churns out news or editorials, for example the position that major newspapers take on certain foreign issues. In a way how it sets the agenda for government or public reactions. Both agenda setting and framing have been identified in news framing literature as ways in which the media can influence policy making and public opinion.[57] There has been some convergence on how framing analysis can be carried out, according to the literature. Two approaches of framing analysis has evolved over the years. The Inductive approach and the Deductive approach. The latter has been proven more scientific than the former. The Deductive approach organizes the framing analysis based on pre-outlined broader frames.[59] There has also been an attempt by some authors to group frames along certain distinctions. Frames could be grouped under issue-specific frames which deal with particular issues in detail and generic frames which cover broader themes found in different settings.[61] One issue raised by some authors on framing is how the Media treat sources. When elite sources to news are relied on by journalists for example, they may in a way be a channel for promoting the views and opinions of the political order or the elites to the larger audience[63] Most of the literature also agree that the location of a news story gives it much weight in terms of the perceived influence on the newspapers readership and how important the issues are to them. It also demonstrates the importance the media attaches to that particular issue or event.[67] In all, Media scholars have studied Framing theory as either theories of Effects and Process. By Framing as effects theory, media scholars have studied the influence that news frames have on audiences while studies on framing as a process theory have addressed how news content is created and modified in certain ways considering the factors that influence the carving of news in a particular way. [68] . Although the framing of news is important to the coverage given to events and issues, there are other elements or factors that influence the framing of news in itself have to be identified.[72] This study would turn the spot light on the wide array of all the other factors that may help explain why news is framed in a particular way. As pointed out earlier, some literature on the Media have suggested that the sources that the Media relies go an extent to make the news themselves. In other words, Organizations with more resources, or that have more credibility in the eyes of journalists, are more likely to become regular news sources, and thus shape which issues (agenda-setting) and which perspectives (frames) dominate the news.[74] Some Media scholars are of the opinion that the ideal state of Media Objectivity is far fetched. Some are of the view that there is no fundamentally non-ideological, apolitical, non-partisan news gathering and reporting system. Since there may be dispute over objectivity and news without bias, the concept of framing becomes important to analyzing the frames used in making news.[77] While journalists may dispute these assertions, it is believed that news content is not an objective entity, independent of political, social, ideological or sociopsychological influences than mere information.[80] As stated before, the Media often depicts the Governments position in respect to interests and issues especially in relation to other countries. There has been the suggestion that the Medias position is based on national values, national interest and cultural values of their host countries.[82] The Media is likely to succumb to the views of governments because the latters position on issues is seen as an overriding common good transcending the specific interests of parties, factions, and other entities smaller than the nation as a whole.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[84] The problem with the concept of framing is that it lacks clear conceptual definitions and a comprehensive statement to guide research.[85] Yet these challenges would make it important for more research into factors that influence news framing. The extent to which consumers of news perceive foreign leaders in either a positive or negative light is dependent on how framing is carried out.[86] The latter point might be important to understand how the reading-public of the four sampled newspapers are likely to perceive the leadership in Venezuela. Most of the research done on news framing have largely gone in the way of foreign policy research. A few have looked at news framing in relation to another country with a lengthy time range while Media response and framing on various issues are measured and analyzed. The study hopes to add to the already existing research on news framing in this regard. 3) Proposed Research Questions Research Question 1 :What is the tone of coverage on Venezuela in U.S. and U.K. editorials? Do the two groups of newspapers differ in tone? Research Question 2: Which frames dominated in the overall coverage and was there a significant difference between the two countries in terms of the frames used? Research Question 3: Which issues dominated the overall coverage country-wise? Research Question 3: Do positions on issues covered reflect National Interest of the two countries? Research Question 4: Do these editorials rely on government sources in arriving at opinions and conclusions? Research Question 5: Which issues are most prominent in all the coverage? Research Question 6: Do the editorials lean towards a kind of political or economic ideology? 4) VARIABLES The variables for this study would be the following 1 Independent -Tone of coverage and framing in UK editorials -Tone of coverage and framing in US editorials -Most highlighted issues 2 Dependent -The interests of the UK(economic, political, other) -The interests of the US (economic, political, other) -The ideology of the paper 5) Proposed Research Hypothesis 1 There is no difference in tone between the two groups of newspapers. 2 The level of interest given to highlighted issues between the two groups of newspapers will be the same? 3 Positioning and framing of news will depend on the interests of the host nation of the newspapers. 4 Positioning and framing of news will depend on the ideology of the host nation of the newspapers. 5 UK newspaper editorials are likely to be less critical of Venezuela because of better bi- lateral relations. 6 US newspaper editorials are likely to be more critical of Venezuela because of worse bi-lateral relations. 6) METHODOLOGY Method The study on these editorials would be carried out using quantitative content analysis to assess qualitative data published by the four newspapers. Content analysis is defined as a research technique that involves measuring a content( in this case, news frames) in a random sampling of some form of communication( in this case, editorials). The basic assumption implicit in content analysis is that an investigation of messages and communication will allow some insight into the people who receive these messages'[87]. However the use of content analysis in this study would be to capture the frames used in the sampled editorials and what informs interests in issues and not what the consumers of such news perceive or how they react to these messages. One advantage of content analysis is that unlike other research methods where the researcher can easily influence the outcome of the research, it offers mediated communication to be rather studied rather than the behavior of people which may be difficult to analyze. Additionally it provides numbers and figures which can be quantified to secure likely viable assessments.[88] Admittedly, the use content analysis technique also brings to the fore issues concerning the representativeness of the samples used, the adequate definition of issues, difficulties with measuring units to be analyzed and coder reliability issues.[89] A conversion of coded values into quantitative statistical data would be made after the content analysis. Population The population of this study would be all editorials on Venezuela within the ten year period by high circulating newspapers in the US and the UK. The assumption is that editorials from newspapers with a relatively high number of circulations, may have been read by a significant number of people or may have reached a wider audience or a politically responsive section of the public. The study would not be concerned with gauging public reactions but in the frames used themselves. Yet high circulation newspapers offer a good basis for selection in the sample. Sample The type of sampling used in selecting editorials is Criterion Sampling .Editorials which will make up the sample are those with references made to the words VENEZUELA and HUGO CHAVEZ and political and economic issues related to these terms. A retrieval of the editorials from the search engine LEXIS-NEXIS has already been carried out using the following terms: VENEZUELA, HUGO CHAVEZ and EDITORIAL for the US newspaper database. For the LEXIS NEXIS -UK database, editorials were retrieved using the search terms VENEZUELA, HUGO CHAVEZ and LEADING ARTICLE. Editorials not focusing on these issues or not focusing on issues of political relevance were dropped from the sample ,for example those focusing on say sports or those with the mere mention of these terms with no relation to relevant issues discussed. US Newspapers From an earlier assessment of the account of data on newspaper circulations by the Audit Bureau of Circulations in both the USA and the UK, the highest circulating newspaper over the 10 year period was USA TODAY with the most circulations for the said period. The WALL STREET JOURNAL (WSJ) came second with the most circulations over the period. The WSJ will however be discounted because of its orientation mostly to financial news and events. The research would be limited to newspapers which mostly deal with political news and also focuses on foreign political news in its content or publications. With these criteria, the third major political newspapers which polled the third highest number of circulations over the 10 year period was the NEW YORK TIMES (NYT). Thus editorials from the USA TODAY and the NYT will be used in the content analysis. UK Newspapers The selection criteria for the two highest Circulating newspapers in the UK however differ slightly from the basis on which the newspapers from the US were selected. THE DAILY TELEGRAPH and THE TIMES newspapers would be used in this study. The two newspapers averagely rank 4th and 7th in terms of circulation data according to the Audit Bureau from January 2000 to 2009. The two newspapers which ranked as the two highest-circulating newspapers for the 10 year period in the UK were THE SUN and DAILY MAIL. The two come under the category of Tabloid Newspapers and are not considered serious political newspapers. The two will not be the focus of this study. The DAILY MIRROR, DAILY STAR, and the DAILY EXPRESS ranked 3rd, 5th and 6th respectively. This study will focus on those newspapers which come under those usually termed newspapers-of- record or those which practice serious journalism. Of the newspapers under this category,THE GUARDIAN and THE TIMES had averagely, the highest number of circulations during the 10 year period discounting those newspapers which fall under the tabloid category. A percentage breakdown of the editorials from each newspaper is found below. The four newspapers had on average a significant circulation tally during the specified period namely from (January) 2000 to (December) 2009. Why Venezuela? Venezuela offers a good to chance to study the politics behind the news. Various perceived interests are involved in relation to the US, UK and Venezuela. The controversies have been over the stifling of democracy and civil rights, the abuse of power by President Chavez, issues over the supply of oil and what it means for the two western countries to have the economy of Venezuela in a bad shape. These factors make Venezuela a good choice and would it possible to analyze Media positioning on these issues in response to a relevant third country while factoring in bi-lateral relations. Time Period The choice of long time duration will allow for significant content analysis to be done on the editorials. Since this research would also assess government statements and positions on the issues arising from Venezuela, the time period which saw the BUSH and BLAIR administration for most of the period would offer an opportunity to compare the US and UK government responses and attitudes towards Venezuelan issues with hopefully little variation in policy change. The reasoning is that an unchanged administration or party in power is likely to have the same attitudes or reactions to foreign issues from a particular country than when the administration changes over a period of time, barring any major shift in interests and policy towards Venezuela by either country during the time period. The study will take all these changes into account in the final analysis, including the editorial responses and positioning on these issues. Coding Units Editorials will be the focal point for the coding procedures. Editorials are a good basis for this study because they often represent the view or position of the newspaper. Op-Eds and editorials with Bylines (those written by individuals and credited with names) have been excluded from the sample. The focus was to look out for editorials which have been written by the editorial board of the various newspapers and would represent a justifiable opinion or position of the newspaper itself rather than the views of individual writers. Coding Procedure The source for the editorials is the academic search engine; LEXIS-NEXIS (which stores electronic copies of newspaper articles and editorials including those that this study would be focused on). Pre-testing 4 independent coders would be used to code each editorial article according to frames created from a Pre-test which has already been carried out on two other newspapers. A pretest on The Washington Post and The Guardian newspapers has been carried out to source for appropriate categories of frames to be used in the final coding of the 141 editorials. In addition, coders could add extra categories of frames to the basic list during coding to update the original codebook. 24 editorials from the Washington Post and 54 editorials from The Guardian newspapers were retrieved with the same search words as the main sample. They all fit the same criteria. 25% of each newspapers editorial would be used in the Pre-test. The selection was done randomly. In all 19 editorials would be used for the Pre-test. Framing Variables Frames(meant for pre-test and to be modified). the problem frames, 1-the diagnostic frames( these coverage would identify a problem and assign a responsibility to someone or some other reason) 2-the prognostic frames.( here the study seeks to find an editorials solution to particular problems) the presentation frames, 1-the issue frame ( coverage on issues such as economy, oil etc) 3-the image frame.( portraying leadership, attitudes, affiliation of subjects) General tone (is the editorial positive(supportive) or negative(condemnatory))? Coder Reliability An intercoder reliability would predict the amount of agreement or correspondence among the 4 coders. Intercoder Reliability is the extent to which the different judges tend to assign exactly the same rating to each object.[90] The Intercoder reliability would be checked for the Pre-test and the main test. The formula to be used is Holstis (1969) formula. Coder agreement on each unit of analysis( i.e frames) would be calculated. Preliminary Coding Sheet for Newspaper Editorial Content Analysis(To be amended). Technical Data: Editorial Number= give in full Paper: 1= USA; 2= NY Times; 3= Daily Telegraph; 4=The Times Date: given in full Title of Editorial: given in full Page: page on which the editorial is written. Location( section of newspaper) 1= Editorials and Opinions; 2= Features; 3=Non Stated 99= other Length of words= please indicate number Is a source cited?: 1= Yes; 2= No; 99= other Source cited: please indicate Country Mentioned in affiliation to venezuela: please indicate Country Location(continent): 1= Africa 2=Antarctia 3=Asia 4 =Australia 5= Europe 6=North America 7=South America Issues linked to country referred to: please indicate Themes in the News: Theme of the editorial: 1 =Concerns over Venezuelan crises impacting the world 2 =Concerns over Venezuelan crises impacting the US 3 =Concerns of economic and political life of Venezuelans being grim 4 =Concerns over oil supply and price hikes 5 =Championing support for Chavez and policies 6 =Denouncing Chavez 7 =A critique of white house intervention in Venezuelan matters 8 =Concerns over Venezuelan influence in Latin America 9 =Need to counter Chavez influence over other states 10 =That socialist economies are often a disaster 11 =Concerns over human rights abuse 12 =Concerns over Media abuse 13 =Need to have effective policies to deal with Venezuela 14 =Supporting regime change 15 =Denouncing regime change Secondary Themes: 1= Concerns over Venezuelan crises impacting the world 2 =Concerns over Venezuelan crises impacting the US 3 =Concerns of economic and political life of Venezuelans being grim 4 =Concerns over oil supply and price hikes 5 =Championing support for Chavez and policies 6 =Denouncing Chavez 7 =A critique of white house intervention in Venezuelan matters 8 =Concerns over Venezuelan influence in Latin America 9 =Need to counter Chavez influence over other states 10 =That socialist economies are often a disaster 11 =Concerns over human rights abuse 12 =Concerns over Media abuse 13 =Need to have effective policies to deal with Venezuela 14 =Supporting regime change 15 =Denouncing regime change Tertiary Themes: 1 =Concerns over Venezuelan crises impacting the world 2 =Concerns over Venezuelan crises impacting the US 3 =Concerns of economic and political life of Venezuelans being grim 4 =Concerns over oil supply and price hikes 5 =Championing support for Chavez and policies 6 =Denouncing Chavez 7 =A critique of white house intervention in Venezuelan matters 8 =Concerns over Venezuelan influence in Latin America 9 =Need to counter Chavez influence over other states 10 =That socialist economies are often a disaster 11 =Concerns over human rights abuse 12 =Concerns over Media abuse 13 =Need to have effective policies to deal with Venezuela 14 =Supporting regime change 15 =Denouncing regime change Other Themes?: Please state Orientation of Editorial: 1= event-oriented 2= issue-oriented Framing of the Editorial: (A) References To Sources Domestic Sources( in US or UK) : please indicate International Sources(in Venezuela) : please indicate Other Sources: please indicate How instrumental is the source to the story: 1=very central; 2= central; 3= moderately mentioned; 4=only gets a mention (B) Character of Commentary Evaluation of Commentary: 1= very laudable; 2= favorable; 3= neutral; 4= critical; 5= abrasive; 99= other Secondary Evaluation of Commentary: 1= crusading; 2= argumentative; 3= descriptive; 4= summary; 5= cynical; 6= humorous; 7= warning/ helpful; 8= lyrical; Descriptive Characterization of President Chavez in editorials: As 1= authoritarian 2= socialist/leftist 3= populist 4= autocrat 5= strongman 6= bold 99= other ( please state) Characterization of other persons in editorials: please mention character and indicate descrption Main Discourse: Please state any significant words used: Location of word in editorial: 1= headline 2= main body 7) BIBLIOGRAPHY Althaus, Scott L. 2003. When News Norms Collide, Follow the Lead: New Evidence for Press Independence.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Political Communication, 20 Barbara Allen, Paula OLoughlin, Amy Jasperson, John L. Sullivan The Media and the Gulf War: Framing, Pri

Appearances :: essays papers

Appearances Looks really do matter, no matter how many people disagree with that statement. The first impression does make that big of an impact, but whoever made up that statement as to, "Beauty being in the eye of the beholder" perhaps they are right. Perhaps beauty is formed in the eye of the beholder. But we, as humans will always be superficial and judge others on their looks. Very few people in life get away with their character and intelligence. I find myself to be beautiful but not drop dead gorgeous, well okay on some days I do. So "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder." Everyone has their special qualities in life. But what happens to the one born with a disability? As a child I had many friends, being the outgoing person that I am. I have always been friendly with everyone; the attractive and not so attractive. Even the girl who had a crooked face. I always wondered what happened to her and how she got deformed on the side of her face, she looked so monstrous. Everyday I would see her sitting alone at lunch, always the last one to leave the playground, playing alone everyday, and she was so quiet as well. Kids used to make fun of her everyday, which was very sad. I even feel bad, for I was one who cracked jokes on occasion as well and laughed along with others. One day though my parents had me walk home from school, for I didn't live very far and I saw this girl walking in front of me. She was walking very slowly, staring down at the ground. I decided to say hi and we talked while walking home together. After talking for a while I realized that she is no different then any of us, and she is so sweet, perhaps the sweetest person I have ever encountered in my life. How could I ever make fun of someone like that? I felt so horrible and apologized to her for ever making any mean comments and then I invited her over to play. We became the very best of friends after that. It was so hard though in school talking to her, I suppose I was embarrassed to be seen with her, but after becoming good friends I no longer felt the need to hide our friendship and soon others started talking with her as well, I even introduced her to the rest of my friends and started defending her when others made rude comments. I soon even found out why Appearances :: essays papers Appearances Looks really do matter, no matter how many people disagree with that statement. The first impression does make that big of an impact, but whoever made up that statement as to, "Beauty being in the eye of the beholder" perhaps they are right. Perhaps beauty is formed in the eye of the beholder. But we, as humans will always be superficial and judge others on their looks. Very few people in life get away with their character and intelligence. I find myself to be beautiful but not drop dead gorgeous, well okay on some days I do. So "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder." Everyone has their special qualities in life. But what happens to the one born with a disability? As a child I had many friends, being the outgoing person that I am. I have always been friendly with everyone; the attractive and not so attractive. Even the girl who had a crooked face. I always wondered what happened to her and how she got deformed on the side of her face, she looked so monstrous. Everyday I would see her sitting alone at lunch, always the last one to leave the playground, playing alone everyday, and she was so quiet as well. Kids used to make fun of her everyday, which was very sad. I even feel bad, for I was one who cracked jokes on occasion as well and laughed along with others. One day though my parents had me walk home from school, for I didn't live very far and I saw this girl walking in front of me. She was walking very slowly, staring down at the ground. I decided to say hi and we talked while walking home together. After talking for a while I realized that she is no different then any of us, and she is so sweet, perhaps the sweetest person I have ever encountered in my life. How could I ever make fun of someone like that? I felt so horrible and apologized to her for ever making any mean comments and then I invited her over to play. We became the very best of friends after that. It was so hard though in school talking to her, I suppose I was embarrassed to be seen with her, but after becoming good friends I no longer felt the need to hide our friendship and soon others started talking with her as well, I even introduced her to the rest of my friends and started defending her when others made rude comments. I soon even found out why

A Comparison of the Scop in Beowulf and Widsith Essays -- comparison c

The Scop in Beowulf and Widsith.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The scop in Anglo-Saxon times had a very defined role. A comparison between the scop in Beowulf and the scop in Widsith will more clearly define for us what that role was.    The 142 verses of Widsith are the oldest in the English language, and form the earliest output in verse of any Germanic people. Widsith contains a huge catalog of 70 tribes and   69 important people, many of whom are proven to have lived in the third, fourth and fifth centuries. The vast knowledge of history which was required of a good scop, just amazes the reader. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature(v1,ch3,s6,n30) states that so many princes and peoples are mentioned in the course of the poem that its importance for the history of the migration period can hardly be overestimated.   This Old English poem was transcribed by a monk around the year 1000. Widsith tells the story of   the scop Widsith, who accompanies Ealhhild, a Lombard princess, on her journey eastward from Angel to the court of Eormanric the Goth. Ealhhild, the sister of Aelfwine, King of the Lombards, is made to marry Eormanric. In this poem the geography and the chronology are not precise or accurate.    â€Å"At an early date Germanic kings began to keep professional poets, with functions not wholly unlike those of the poet laureate or official poet of later times† (Malone 75). This pretty well expresses the life of Widsith, except that he was not located at any one court, rather he travelled from the country of Egypt, India and Israel to Britain and to northern Europe, going from court to court. His home court, if it can be called such, was with King Eadgils. But Widsith travelled to all the â€Å"heathen† and non-heathen k... ...st was the theme of sacrifice. . . .† ( Malone 77).    It’s obvious from our brief comparison between the scop in Beowulf and the scop in Widsith that the scop in Anglo-Saxon times had a very defined role: He was singer, storyteller, public relations man, recipient of gifts, traveller, linguist, historian, and servant of the audience.    BIBLIOGRAPHY Chickering, Howell D.. Beowulf A dual-Language Edition. New York: Anchor Books, 1977. Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000 Malone, Kemp. â€Å"The Old English Scop and Widsith.† In Beowulf: The Donaldson Translation, edited by Joseph F. Tuso. New York, W.W.Norton and Co.: 1975. The Earliest English Poems, translated by Michael Alexander. New York: Penguin Books, 1991.

Various Types of Love in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet

What is love? Love means a worm liking or affection toward another person. Through out the play Romeo and Juliet various types of love are displayed by several characters. Benvolio believes that women are interchangeable and at the beginning of the play Romeo believes love is a pain. While Juliet does not even have a have a definition of love, Paris and Lady Capulet defines it by appearance. Mercutio is unable to understand love and the nurse believes that marring some one is better than no one, even though you despise that person. Even though Paris’s’ love for Juliet was seen as a mere affection for her beauty and Paris had planed to marry Juliet through an arranged marriage, but as the play gets to and end it is show that Paris truly did love Juliet. Paris is a noble and a friend of lord Capulet. He asks for Juliet’s hand in marriage earlier in the play, â€Å"Younger than her happy mother made,† where he is not given an exact answer. His love for Juliet is an infatuation, but one can argue, that it was true love because he had promised to visit Juliet’s grave with a rose, every day until his death. â€Å"Sweet flower with flowers thy bridal bed I stew,† This enforces the fact that he could have truly loves Juliet. Paris had arrives at the house of Capulet extra early on the day his wedding, â€Å"Make Haste, The bridegroom he is come already.† Again it can be reason that his love for Juliet was real but he also talks of Juliet as a procession or a conquest. I t is uncertain that Paris’s love for Juliet is genuine but one thing is for certain, Juliet despised Paris. Mercutio’s perception of love is crude, obscene and sexual, similar to of the Nurse. It is certain that he does not understand true love and does not believe in it. â€Å"By her high forehead and her scarlet looks and by her fine foot straight leg,† Mercutio explains his view of Romeo’s affection toward Rosaline and it is unquestionably sexual. Many of Mercutio’s speeches consist of nonsense but they happen to be long and contain obscene concepts to them such as the infamous â€Å"Queen mab† speech in Act 1. â€Å"Prick love for Pricking, and you beat love down,† as Benvolio, Mercutio believes that females are interchangeable. Mercutio always manages to turn a simple discussion into a coarse and obscene conversation such as, â€Å"She had a better love to berhyme her. Various Types of Love in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet :: Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet What is love? Love means a worm liking or affection toward another person. Through out the play Romeo and Juliet various types of love are displayed by several characters. Benvolio believes that women are interchangeable and at the beginning of the play Romeo believes love is a pain. While Juliet does not even have a have a definition of love, Paris and Lady Capulet defines it by appearance. Mercutio is unable to understand love and the nurse believes that marring some one is better than no one, even though you despise that person. Even though Paris’s’ love for Juliet was seen as a mere affection for her beauty and Paris had planed to marry Juliet through an arranged marriage, but as the play gets to and end it is show that Paris truly did love Juliet. Paris is a noble and a friend of lord Capulet. He asks for Juliet’s hand in marriage earlier in the play, â€Å"Younger than her happy mother made,† where he is not given an exact answer. His love for Juliet is an infatuation, but one can argue, that it was true love because he had promised to visit Juliet’s grave with a rose, every day until his death. â€Å"Sweet flower with flowers thy bridal bed I stew,† This enforces the fact that he could have truly loves Juliet. Paris had arrives at the house of Capulet extra early on the day his wedding, â€Å"Make Haste, The bridegroom he is come already.† Again it can be reason that his love for Juliet was real but he also talks of Juliet as a procession or a conquest. I t is uncertain that Paris’s love for Juliet is genuine but one thing is for certain, Juliet despised Paris. Mercutio’s perception of love is crude, obscene and sexual, similar to of the Nurse. It is certain that he does not understand true love and does not believe in it. â€Å"By her high forehead and her scarlet looks and by her fine foot straight leg,† Mercutio explains his view of Romeo’s affection toward Rosaline and it is unquestionably sexual. Many of Mercutio’s speeches consist of nonsense but they happen to be long and contain obscene concepts to them such as the infamous â€Å"Queen mab† speech in Act 1. â€Å"Prick love for Pricking, and you beat love down,† as Benvolio, Mercutio believes that females are interchangeable. Mercutio always manages to turn a simple discussion into a coarse and obscene conversation such as, â€Å"She had a better love to berhyme her.

Cultural Profile of the Philippines Essay

The Philippines is a country with diverse culture. The country is divided into regions and provinces wherein each region or province has distinct cultures of their own. Greatly influenced by the Spanish colonization in the 14th to 18th century, the country has a lot of colorful festivals that showcase that the cultures and products of the regions. Part of the Filipinos’ diverse culture is their languages. Officially, Filipino and English are the major languages. Filipino is a compendium of more than 180 dialects but most of the words are based on Tagalog, the lingua franca of the National Capital Region, the seat of the government. Majority of Filipinos speak eight major dialects namely Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango and Pangasinense. English, on the other hand, is used as a medium of instruction in many educational institutions and as language in documents of the government (â€Å"About the Philippines†). Impact on Business Communication Because the Philippines has been colonized by many nationalities, it has adopted a lot of cultures. With that, Filipinos become flexible in dealing with other people with other cultures and social backgrounds. Moreover, they have the willingness to learn especially that labor has been one the major exports of the country. Many Filipinos are becoming competitive in the global market and business. In terms of relationships, Filipinos possess strong interpersonal relationships that make it more advisable for them to be introduced first to a third party than having them introducing themselves. However, Filipinos value relationships so much be it with their families of relatives or even in business. They do not focus only to business but they make ways in knowing their business partners deeper even to their personal affairs. They believe that when they know the people they are dealing with; it is easier for them to communicate their ideas for the business. They value their relationships not only for the present business deals but also for the future. They are used to referring people they know to be employees in their businesses (â€Å"Philippines — Language, Culture, Customs, and Etiquette†). In business, they also make sure that they are presentable at all times and they prefer face-to-face meeting from making phone calls or email; that is one way they can build relationships to people and business colleagues. Since they are relational, sometimes they are more particular with the personalities rather than the company they represent (â€Å"Philippines — Language, Culture, Customs, and Etiquette†). In the global business, the flexibility, adoptability and professionalism of Filipinos could be advantages especially about their being relational. They will open more areas of communication among their fellow employees and to other people outside the company which they believe can help them in their work. Also, they can easily learn other languages that may be required in doing business because their culture has already thought their tongues to be more adoptive to environments. References Kwintessential Cross Cultural Solutions. (______. ) Philippines — Language, Culture, Customs, and Etiquette. Retrieved May 14, 2008 from http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/resources/global-etiquette/philippines-country-profile. html Wow Philippines. (______. ) About the Philippines. Retrieved May 14, 2008 from http://www. tourism. gov. ph/discover/h

Advantage of Internet Essay

exclusively its whole depends on how we practice the INTERNET which is simply c all tolded as the backb cardinal of universe of discourse technology..You subscriber line leader pretend heard that just about(prenominal)thing in this world has the separate location, if one billet is good, an early(a) place may be bad. Similarly, if one side is bad, a nonher side entrust be good. This is the simple example, which may be relevant on the usage of profit. profits, no doubt has do this world so wonderful, which we had neer even dreamt of. For example, I am piece this answer for a person, who is thousands of miles a counsel from my place. It is save internet, which has made our life so home wish and informative, you name any knowledge, it is precisely a click away from you. For professionals and students, this new practical(prenominal) world has become very officeful, it is exchangeable a sea or teaching or a reference book, which is unendingly on your fingertip s.As I mentioned, everything has the other side, internet too has the other side or negative side, which could badly scupper anyone especially boorren, who argon exposed to many another(prenominal) unwanted selective info worry obscenity, sex, force play etc. They also snuff it given up to many things like online games, cartoons etc, which led to the deviance from studies and behavioral change.At last, I would like to say that pargonnt should endlessly persist watch on their wards and must escort that their child dont dismount exposed to unwanted content on internet, p atomic number 18nts tidy sum also use the child lock or block the websites, which soak up the explicit content.The advantages be information, communication and creation. For example, thither is a vast amount of info on the meshwork which grass be used two by children and adults alike. Everyone uses the mesh for e-mail or blog. And everyday addresss of new creations such as websites and forums arg on created and state use them in amity to the values of the other 2 advantages.The disadvantages atomic number 18 people can become hook to the net. They will stay inside all day long and not verify expose or anything. And, around people make watertheir head buried in their Blackberries all day long. Another disadvantage is that there ar a lot of improper sites on the mesh which children retaliate. They retard things that are too old for them.Personally, i smack like it gives the child motives to study, because theres a lot to know, and the internet makes it involvem interesting to know, it makes conclusion information roaring, boosters with answering questions, playing the teachers, and staying in contact with friends, but then again, there are sooo many distractions if the child doesnt have often self control, they wouldnt get anything done, but provided use facebook, ect. And there are always alternatives to the internet, like cell phones to stay in contac t, books to learn, and dictionaries to look up words. You dont REALLY pick out the internet.For an adult, I feel like they can use it to share things with friends, find out what they need to know, advertise, but theres distractions always for them too.There are advantages and disadvantages both expectations we find using internet by the children. To know somewhat worlds information they can grab instantaneously by means of it and update themselves with the knowledge. The games, notes, puzzles, outdoor/ interior activities to develop their mind and many things are there which are useful to them. scarce to see computer continue king harm their eyeballight, they may go to see towards negative pictures and video clips, give up concentrations towards study and to a greater extent unusual moves will be created through internet. profits has made the world narrow and reachable straightaway for friendship and planning for new activities, communication with different cultures and e xchanging ideas as well as to know about new places and see in the picture lively. However, the bad aspect is to commemorate vulgar pictures in sharing and to scold others or threaten through internet has become frequently easy. Therefore, we might get both the things in the use of internet by the children in this society.The proliferation of Internet technologies has both advantages anddisadvantages. Internet is defined as a collection of various serve and resources. Today, Internet has brought a globe in a single room. Right from get news across the corner of the world to accessing knowledge resources to shopping, everything is at your fingertips. Internet has grand potential and a lot to propose in terms of services. However, like every single innovation in apprehension and technology, Internet has its own advantages and disadvantages. And it has some effectuate also in students in their ontogenesis socially, psychologically, physically, emotionally and spiritually. Ther e is so much that students can do with the Internet. Not only if can they communicate with other students, they can gain from others knowledge and experiences, participate in chat rooms, share ideas and solutions and learn about the many diverse cultures out there.And one of its advantages is the email. Email is a quick and easy way to stay in tally with family, friends, business contacts, and strangers. It doesnt cost the legal injury of a stamp and you dont have to wait for days to get a response or answer. In the business world, it is any easy, sporting way to keep in touch with co-workers and employers. Emails keep us from wasting valuable eon being placed on hold when you need to contact someone regarding business or pleasure. Many students also use it to pass their projects via email and its because it is fast and reliable. And the other one is the Infinite storehouse of information. The Internet is a virtual nurture trove of information. Any kind of information on any topic below the sun is available on the Internet. The wait engines on the Internet can help you to find data on any subject that you need.And for students it could make their work easier like their homework but sometimes the information you get from Internet cannot be hundred% right, because everybody can writeon Internet about everything. Entertainment is another best-selling(predicate) reason why many students nowadays prefer to surf the Internet. In fact, media of internet has become quite successful in trapping multifaceted entertainment factor. Downloading games, see chat rooms or just surfing the Web are some of the uses people have discovered. There are numerous games that may be downloaded from the Internet for free. The industry of online gaming has tasted dramatic and phenomenal attention by game lovers. In fact, the Internet has been successfully used by people to find lifelong partners.When people surf the Web, there are numerous things that can be found. Music, hob bies, news and more can be found and shared on the Internet. And like Youtube where students usually visit to listen music. And when one is bored he could search for games he want and play. But despite its numerous advantages the Internet is not absolutely free of weak points. Thus, on base with useful and beneficial information the Internet sources, sites that make pornography available to students are all over in the Web. In addition, too often the ease with which the information can be retrieved is not presently proportional to its quality and reliability. Many Internet users indicate as a glaring problem the potential ability of precarious strange fellows to make contact with students.Disadvanatagesyour eyes will be destroyed.no appetency in the food.when youre having an assignment,youll immediately imitation and then paste without reading and thought it carefully pornographiesunreliable informationsyoure passage to be a victim of some social networking sites like hacki ng, etc.