Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood or hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Normally a certain amount of glucose circulates in the blood. The major sources of this glucose are absorption of ingested food in the gastrointestinal tract and formation of glucose by the liver from food substances (Kozier et. l, 2002). Client’s name is Mr. Harvey, 48 years old and has three children and he is newly diagnosed having Type 1 Diabetes. He is a college undergraduate and has experienced working in a restaurant as chief cook until now where in he works for 6 hours. He is also a small businessman and is greatly affected by the economic condition as of the present.He only earns enough for his kids since he is a single parent; he earns about 350 dollars a day including his earnings in his small business. These factors aforementioned greatly influence to his ability to access the necessary healthcare that he should have. Yes, he has a job but his earnings is not enough for him to be thoroughly be checked by healthcare professionals, and also because he has three kids which are all studying as well.As a single parent, it is his job also to look after his children and this means all his extra time will be devoted to them and he will not be able to attend to his own needs and other self- care practices needed for his condition. Although he can do some modification in his diet still he cannot manage to consistent all throughout because he still has a lot of things to attend to, but nevertheless as a college undergraduate he has some basic knowledge about the condition he has which is Type 1 Diabetes.Although he has a job and a business of his own it still does not erase the fact that he is a single parent of three kids, maybe he can buy some medicine for his condition but it will not be continuous because he will tend to prioritize other things. Prognosis of his condition would be poor because he cannot focus on the treatments that he should be getting to alleviate his condition; Diabetes is such a silent killer especially when complications arise. Lastly, diabetes can be fatal. Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common and potentially serious, chronic metabolic condition which is characterized predominantly by hyperglycemia and other manifestations. Diabetes can be a devastating condition with long lasting hazardous consequences since due to its chronicity it affects almost all the major organs of the body including the eyes, the kidneys, the nerves, heart and blood vessels (Jennifer, 1998).There are two main types of Diabetes Mellitus viz. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (also termed as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus or IDDM and juvenile Diabetes Mellitus) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (also known as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus or NIDDM and adult-onset Diabetes Mellitus) (Jennifer, 1998). Type 1 DM is more common as compared to type 2 DM in younger age groups and accounts for almost two-thirds of the cases of diabetes diagnosed amongst individuals less than 19 years of age (Levitsky & Misra, 2008).Epidemiology of DM – The magnitude of the problemI n the United States, Diabetes Mellitus is the fourth leading cause of death and accounts to 178,000 deaths per year (Do I Have Diabetes?, 1998). Individuals with DM have been shown to have a 5-10 years shorter lifespan as compared to their normal counterparts (Lipsky & Sharp, 2004). Moreover, DM also contributes to significant morbidity and remains amongst the leading cause of blindness in adults in the 20-74 years age group. Similarly, it also remains as one of the most common causes of non-traumatic lower-limb amputation and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007).It was estimated that about 7% of the U.S population (20.8 million individuals) were inflicted with this condition in the year 2005. Amongst these, 14.6 million were diagnosed as having DM while the rest were undiagnosed. Moreover, an additional 54 million people were shown to have pre-diabetes’ (defined below) (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 â €“ A Review, 2007). It is alarming to note that over the past decades, the incidence of DM has been increasing and it was observed that the percentage of adults in the U.S diagnosed with DM increased by 49% (from 4.9 to 7.3%) during the period 1990-2000 (Lipsky & Sharp, 2004).Diabetes Mellitus is also important from an economic and public health perspective as well since it leads to both direct and indirect costs of health care. The magnitude of the problem can be judged by the fact that in the year 2002, the per-capita healthcare cost for diabetic individuals was $13,243 as opposed to $2560 for non-diabetics (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review, 2009).Type 1 and Type 2 DM – A comparisonAs discussed above, there are two main types of Diabetes mellitus – type 1 DM and type 2 DM – which differ in etiologies and pathogenesis. DM was classified into two major subtypes viz. IDDM and NIDDM in 1979 by the National Diabetes Data Group and thi s classification was later endorsed by WHO (Jennifer, 1998). However, this classification had certain limitations and therefore the recent guidelines classify DM into four main groups viz. type 1 DM, type 2 DM, â€Å"other specific types† and gestational diabetes (Jennifer, 1998).According to the recent guidelines, the diagnosis of DM requires two fasting plasma glucose levels of 126 mg per dL (7.0 mmol per L) or greater. Moreover, if after a glucose load of 75 g a patient has two two-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hrPPG) readings of 200 mg per dL (11.1 mmol per L) or higher or two random blood sugar levels of 200 mg per dL (11.1 mmol per L) or higher, he/she can be diagnosed as being diabetic.It is preferable to use the fasting plasma glucose level, due to its better reproducibility and easier administration, however, in clinical practice, a combination of any two abnormal test results can be employed (Jennifer, 1998). In addition to full blown DM, the American Diabetes Association has defined another category, pre-diabetes. This is a state in which ‘the blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes’ (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007).Type 1 DM is a metabolic disorder resulting from the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells located in the Islets of Langerhans which results in a progressive disability to secrete insulin (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007). Type 1 DM can present at any age the most common presentation being in childhood but one-fourth of cases are diagnosed in adults. (Levitsky & Misra, 2008). This late presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus has been termed as latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult (LADA). Studies have suggested that type 1 DM occurs in individuals who are genetically predisposed to developing this disease and its onset may be triggered by certain environment agents such as viru ses and toxins (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007).Once the onset is triggered, there is progressive destruction of the beta cells and a subsequent decrease in insulin production. However, during this period the individual is asymptomatic and euglycemic (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009). Overt hyperglycemia is manifested when more than 80-90% of the beta cells have been destroyed (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007). Recently, a newer subtype of type 1 DM has been identified which is characterized by a non-immune mediated destruction of pancreatic islet cells and has been termed as Type 1B DM (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009).It is a well established fact that type 1 DM is genetically determined. Several genes have been implicated to play a role in the pathophysiology of type 1 DM including polymorphisms in HLA-DQalpha, HLA-DQbeta, HLA-DR, preproinsulin, the PTPN22 gene, CTLA-4, interferon-induced helicase, IL2 receptor (CD25) , a lectin-like gene (KIA0035), ERBB3e, and an undefined gene at 12q (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009).In individuals with type 1 DM, genetic markers are present since birth. However, it has been elucidated that immune markers develop after the onset of the autoimmune process of beta cell destruction and metabolic derangements can be identified once a significant proportion of beta cells have been destroyed but before the occurrence of symptoms (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009).The immune markers which have been identified for type 1 DM include antibodies to the islet cell (IA2) and to insulin (IAA). Moreover, autoantibodies to islet–glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) including anti-GAD65 have been found in patients with type 1 DM and are of particular importance in adults with this disease since these antibodies are clinically detectable and can be used to aid in the detection and diagnosis of type 1 DM in adults (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007).Type 2 DM is relatively far more common than Type 1 DM, especially amongst adults accounts for almost 80-90% of all the cases of DM in various regions of the world (Gerich, 1998). Over the past few decades, epidemiologic studies have identified an alarming increase has been observed in the cases of Type 2 DM to an extent that type 2 DM is now being regarded as an epidemic. In a study conducted in a Japanese population comprising of children of school going age, type 2 DM was found to be seven times more common as compared to type 1 DM and a 30-fold increase in its incidence was noticed over the last two decades (Rosenbloom, 1999).Type 2 DM typically affects individuals aged greater than 40 years but more recently it has been observed to be occurring more frequently in younger age groups and has been found in individuals who are as young as two years of age and have a positive family history of this disorder. There are various factors which have led to an increase in the incidence of type 2 DM in younger age groups. These include increasing incidence of obesity and a sedentary lifestyle amongst children and an increase in the life expectancy, with more individuals surviving past the age of 65 years (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review, 2007).The etiology of Type 2 DM is a multifactorial and it arises from a complex interplay of both genetic and environmental influences. The inheritance of this disorder does not follow the simple Mandelian patterns. Infact, this disorder has a polygenic inheritance requiring multiple gene polymorphisms (Gerich, 1998). Lipsky describes the genetic-environmental interaction which is implicated in the development of type 2 DM as â€Å"A good analogy is that although genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger (Lipsky, 2004).†Several genes have been implicated in the causation of type 2 DM. Amongst these the three most consistently identified genes include TCF7L2, KCNJ11, and PPARG (Lyssenko, 2008 ). However, more recently, a number of novel genes which increase an individual’s susceptibility to type 2 DM have been identified including CDKAL1, IGF2BP2, the locus on chromosome 9 close to CDKN2A/CDKN2B, FTO, HHEX, SLC30A8, WFS1, JAZF1, CDC123/CAMK1D, TSPAN8/LGR5, THADA, ADAMTS9, and NOTCH2 (Lyssenko, 2008).The pathogenesis of Type 2 DM is different from type 1 DM in that it results from both an impairment in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion as opposed to Type 1 DM which results solely from impaired insulin secretion (Gerich, 2009). Individuals with type 2 DM have end-organ or peripheral resistance to insulin and additionally a defect in the production of insulin and recent data suggests that both must co-exist for causing manifestations of type 2 DM. Several risk factors have been identified which increase a person’s susceptibility to developing type 2 AM.These include a positive family history of DM, and increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI), impaired or elevated Liver Function Tests (LFTs), comorbid conditions such as current smoking status and hypertension, decreased measures of insulin secretion and action, Hispanic, Native American, African American, Asian American, or Pacific Islander descent , a history of GDM or of delivering a baby with a birth weight of >9 lb and Polycystic ovarian syndrome (Lyssenko, 2008 and Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review, 2007).Amongst other risk factors, obesity is one of the most consistently identified and the strongest risk factor for the development of type 2 DM. Moreover, studies have shown that intraabdominal obesity is of particular significance in causing insulin resistance (Gerich, 2009). Most of these risk factors are modifiable and current public health strategies focus on targeting these modifiable risk factors in addition to pharmacologic intervention for the control of type 2 DM.The complications of DM are numerous and diverse and include increased susceptibil ity to infections, microvascular complications including nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy which can lead to subsequent end-organ failure and macrovascular complications, which include stroke and coronary artery disease (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review, 2007).In conclusion, DM is a common disorder and affects a large proportion of the population globally. There are two main types of DM viz. type1 and type 2 and both differ in etiology and pathogenesis. DM can lead to several manifestations and complications and hence is a major public health concern. Although extensive research has been conducted in order to identify the underlying etiology of both types of DM, there is a pressing need to explore the arena of prevention measures for this disorder and devise strategies to control the increasing incidence of Type 2 DM in the younger age groups.ReferencesDo I Have Diabetes? (1998, October 15). Retrieved April 20, 2009, from American Family Physician: http://www.aafp.o rg/afp/AFPprinter/981015ap/981015b.htmlEisenbarth, G. S., & McCulloch, D. K. (2009, February 11). Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from Uptodate online: http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~JYHFR94z4VP3LY&selectedTitle=4~150&source=search_resultGerich, John E. (1998) The Genetic Basis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Impaired Insulin Secretion versus Impaired Insulin Sensitivity. Endocrine Reviews 19(4): 491–503Jennifer, M. (1998). Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: New Criteria. American Famil Physician .Levitsky, L. L., & Misra, M. (2008, November 18). Epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from Uptodate Online: http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~0babJ4CniXpnXAf&selectedTitle=12~150&source=search_resultLipsky, M. S., & Sharp, L. K. (2004). Preventive Therapy for Diabetes: Lifestyle Changes and th e Primary Care Physician. American Family Physician .Lyssenko Valeria et al. (2008) Clinical Risk Factors, DNA Variants, and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine 359; 21Rosenbloom, Arlan L. and Joe Jenny R. (1999). Emerging epidemic of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Youth. Diabetes Care 22:345–354Votey, S. R., & Peters, A. L. (2007, October 2). Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from emedicine: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/766036-overviewVotey, S. R., & Peters, A. L. (2009, February 2). Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from emedicine: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/766143-overview

Journal on Poems Essay

The poem portrays the definitions of sanity and madness. However, these definitions vary from the perspective of people and the surroundings as pointed out in the second line. In other words, the poem points out that for certain people, something normal is considered insane and vice versa. 2. The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Basically, for me, the poem depicted a common experience in life wherein one makes a choice between two things and then wonders what could’ve happened had he or she took the other option. The situation shown in the poem reflects a reality that everyone faces in life which is making a choice and standing by that decision. However, as illustrated in the poem, despite the choices people make regarding, for example, careers and business ventures, there will also be times that one doubts whether he or she made the right decision or not. 3. Design by Robert Frost The poem basically illustrates that most of the time the world’s beauty can be appreciated through observing the natural things such as the spider and the moth. In addition, as the title suggests, life is basically a design. It is natural for a spider to eat the moth as it was designed to do so. However, since the spider killed the moth, the author also wonders why the â€Å"designer† allows such a thing to happen. In short, while the author acknowledges the beauty natural order of things, he also questions why horrible events, such as death, happen. 4. Mending Wall by Robert Frost Initially, the poem suggests that there are no need for walls between neighbors as this suggests division. However, at the end, although the speaker in the poem still did not favor the construction of a wall between him and his neighbor, he acknowledged the fact that walls are important as these set boundaries and limitations. Basically, the poem also illustrates that in real life, â€Å"walls† or boundaries, which are best exemplified by laws and rules, are necessary to maintain order. 5. Cross by Langston Hughes The poem clearly depicts the speaker’s confusion about his identity. As the title of the poem says, the speaker is a â€Å"cross† between a white man and a black woman and is confused about his true identity. He also wonders if he would share the same fate of his mother and father and yearns to know where he really belongs to. The poem also depicts two realities in life which are discrimination and racism. Basically, the poem suggests that if these two did not exist, the speaker would not have to long for acceptance and would not have to search for his identity.

Kellogs Case Study

The management process is responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably. ELEMENTS OF PRODUCT Kellogg’s provide a such variety of food, their food is reliable. They are take care of providing a safe and healthy work environment. Their food is good for health as well, which is the main point what makes product valuable to us. Core of product is benefit. Whatever is makes you satisfied is core benefits. Cornflakes is the actual product of kellogg’s, which is exist with the colour, style, branding, fashion, quality.Kellogg’s cornflakes is the most valuable, reliable, and a very popular product which is makes us satisfied to buy it. In order to satisfied core benefits company create a product. Driving product is depending on process marketing. E. g. i buy cup of coffee, augment this cup with selave when it is hot. Augmented element cost money. Augment product is created with the customer care, finance, installation, service, delivery, warranties. Kellogg’s cornflakes is also provide a customer care, it is affordable by every kind of people, we can buy it from every kind of shopping center and its widely available so easy to buy.TYPES OF PRODUCT Convection Kellogg’s is available in every shopping centre it is a breakfast so people buy it regularly and it is low priced so everyone can buy it easily. It is widely available and often high brand loyalty which is kellogg’s. Speciality Kellogg’s corn flakes is available in all superstore so people can get it easily and in competition with other brand of product corn flakes is perfect and less frequent luxury purchases. This product has got a personal selling skills. On the pack of this product they give all the information so ustomer can get all information about needs / gather lots of information before buying. Shopping Relatively expensive with infrequent purchases. Usually occurring with customer knowledge in relation to the hig h market brands. In relation to kellogg’s, this product is marketed within major superstores and has a variety of high competition with other known brands, e. g. Nestle. In this case, a high brand led would be cereals which would be aimed at certain customers for example weight watching customers. Unsought Distress purchases with little pleasure.Marketers need to make customers aware of where they are available to create preferences. Kellogg’s have approached this by advertising and promoting different corn flakes e. g. chocolate flakes or honey coated flakes. For the selling of product of Kellogg’s we need to understand the customer behaviour. The behaviour includes what they may buy? Why do they buy? When do they buy? And where do they buy? The modal of customer buyer behaviour includes the 4ps where market stimulation occurs. Other market stimulations include; economic, technological, political and cultural.Consumer decision making For the consumer decision m aking first if all we need to know about the problem then search for the reason of that then alternative evolution then purchase evaluation so then we can get purchase decision and behaviour then we can get our post purchase evaluation. BRAND LOYALTY Brand attitude There are different types of attitude for different brands. When we see the corn flakes first of all we goe the brand kellogg’s in our mind and it makes positive image in our mind, which is a very important thing for the product.Corn flakes is the very popular and reliable brand so people got a good image of this brand, so with the good and success image brand its create a positive brand attitude. Brand preference Why customer should buy that particular brand then the other brand it depend on the quality of brand, quantity of brand, prise of brand, dependability of brand. Kellogg’s corn flakes is the more quality brand, very old and trustable, good quantity, affordable, so with this preferences customer buy this brand more then the other brand.Brand allegiance When customer get satisfied with the brand they will like some change with the same product then if they find it more dependable they will continue buy that brand over the long period of time. kellogg’s is the old and trustable brand. Customers are using this brand been long time so with focus on customer needs kellogg’s providing some choices with the flavour and other product as well. E. g. coco pops, crunchy nut nutty, all bran. etc. Consumer buying decision processFirst of all in buying this process ther are different stages with the decision so first step is total set when u got lots of things infront of you then you recognise awareness, then consideration set after that you’ll get some selected things to choice in the choice set then can make your decision. Kellogg's business strategy is clear and focused: * to grow the cereal business there are now 40 different cereals * to expand the snack business by diversifying into convenience foods * to engage in specific growth opportunities. ProductionCornflakes are produced in significant quantities at the Trafford Park factory in Manchester, which is also the largest cereal factory in the world. Cereals derived from cornflakes A former patient of the Battle Creek Sanitarium named C. W. Post started a rival company, as we all as the major other brand of corn flakes in the United States, called Post westies. Australia's Sanitarium also manufactures their own brand of corn flakes called Skippy corn flakes. In addition there are many generic brands of corn flakes produced by various manufacturers. ttp://www. kelloggs. co. uk/products/cornflakes/Cereal/corn_flakes. aspx Kellogg’s commitment At Kellogg’s they are committed to building great brands. they follow shared values, principles and behaviour to provide high quality and great tasting foods in a responsible manner: * They act with integrity and show respect. * They are all accountable. * They are passionate about they business, they brands and they food. * They have the humility and hunger to learn. * They love success. * They strive for simplicity.Kellogg Company has a rich history of corporate social responsibility, a history that has grown and evolved to meet the complexities of today’s business world and the challenges of a global society. They founder, W. K. Kellogg, sought to â€Å"invest my money in people†. That legacy continues to guide they company and they people. Corporate responsibility is a way of life at Kellogg. They responsibilities include: * Sustainability – Understanding, managing and minimising they impact on the environment to a sustainable future for everyone. * Communities – Investing in and enriching they communities so that they can reach their full potential. They are passionate about their business, there brands and there food. * Market place – Behaving responsibly in the market place, se lling nutritious products, advocating healthy lifestyles and acting with integrity and adhering to the highest ethical standards. * Work place – Promoting diversity in their work force and ensuring a safe, healthy workplace. They commitment to social responsibility is as strong today as it was when there company was founded. They are proud of their progress, but there is still much they can do. DiversityThey aim is that diversity in Kellogg’s is something you can feel, see and hear – it is not just a page in the annual report. Instead diversity hits you when you walk through the door. They actively encour age individuals to be themselves and use all of their talents to contribute their best each day for the benefit of themselves, others and Kellogg’s. They desire is for a diverse and inclusive workforce regardless of; language, nationality, work-style, learning style, culture, ethnicity, job level, gender, sexual orientation, life experiences, skills, phy sical abilities, thinking style and marital or family status.Environment They are committed to operating a sustainable business that increases shareowner value and ensures a better quality of life for everyone, now and for generations to come. Sustainability has always been an integral part of Kellogg's recipe for success and it will continue to be in the years to come. Kellogg's promotes and maintains environmentally responsible practices for the benefit of there customers, consumers, employees, and the communities in which they operate. They conduct and grow there business in a manner that protects the environment and demonstrates good stewardship of there worldAs natural restheyces.Kellogg's strives for continual improvement through the development of specific programs that address the environmental cost and impact of there activities, products and services. These programs include a commitment to use resources efficiently, minimise waste, and measure environmental impact Responsi ble marketing Since its foundation, Kellogg’s has been committed to informing consumers of all ages about the importance of a balanced approach to diet and physical activity. Kellogg’s has in place a global marketing code and a longstanding commitment to TV advertising in a responsible manner. This means: They will not encourage over-consumption. They will not use words like ‘king-size’ or ‘super-size’ and all there promotions will depict sensible portion sizes. * They will always present Kellogg’s breakfast cereals as part of a balanced breakfast – usually in a family context. * They will run balanced promotional calendars – featuring a good mix of fun, education and overallbeing-based activities for both adults and children. * They will not target any advertising at children under six years of age. Work / life balance Creating a work environment which allows the business to deliver consistently strong results is essentia l to there future.Helping to create a good work / life balance is an essential part of this. Some of the initiatives run by Kellogg’s include: * Flexitime, home-working, part-time working and job share. * Career breaks, parental leave, time off for dependants and maternity and paternity leave. * Personal development planning, secondments and study leave. * On site gyms, or subsidised access to local facilities, free annual lifestyle assessments in work time, a variety of physical exercise based programmes. Health and safety Employee safety is a value at Kellogg's.They are committed to providing a safe and healthy work environment and preventing accidents. Employees are accountable for observing the safety and health rules and practices that apply to their jobs. They are expected to take precautions necessary to protect themselves and their co-workers, including immediately reporting accidents, injuries and unsafe practices or conditions. Employees also are expected to report to work free from the influence of any substance that could prevent or impair them from performing their jobs safely and effectively. Customer information processing PersonalityPersonality is like , if you buy a branded company car so you make personality. when people buy a kellogg’s they think about the image of kellogg’s in the market. so when customer buy a product they buy a brand. Perception Perception works in different way,e. g. we carrying clothes how people look at us, what brand you wearing. So, as the same way its depend on brand what you using. Perception is increases the prise of product. Learning is just not about academic learning but existing knowledge, our own knowledge. E. g. if i am going to buy break fast snack so i need to learn about product a to product b.We learn by application not ny remembering. Attitude from the environment and enfluence we create emotion how good or bad it like attitude. E. g. customer buying a brand to being part of group. Over a hundred years ago, the Kellogg brothers – Will Keith and John Harvey – devised a new breakfast in their quest for healthy foods. That breakfast was of course, Kellogg's Corn Flakes †¦ The Sunshine Breakfast! Crisp, golden flakes made from the finest sun-ripened corn. Since then generations of people have been waking up to enjoy the refreshing, simple taste of Kellogg’s Corn Flakes and ice cold milk. Product details

Funding Sources within Upcoming Entrepreneurs Research Paper

Funding Sources within Upcoming Entrepreneurs - Research Paper Example This is the scenario where there emerge various businesspersons who are willing to start their own businesses for the purpose of providing better services to the people, which in the process results to better profit realization. Consequently, in the process of starting a new business organization, entrepreneurs should make sure they consider and meet various factors such as capital, labor and better management in order to avoid the collapse of the organization at its early stages. Moreover, the emergence of these business organizations are helpful as they results to the creation of job opportunities within the given environment, therefore, they should be encouraged. Thesis Based on the development of new businesses, this paper provides the three types of funding sources that an entrepreneur should considers during capital generation, some of the merits of the provided funding sources and their disadvantages. It also provides some of the factors that the lender should consider in the borrower and some of the ways in which the information need to be presented to the lender. The research paper also provides some of the procedures that need to be followed in future in during the process of entrepreneurial endeavor and some of the ways in which entrepreneurs may manage to start their own businesses. ... Question 1: Types of Funding Sources to Entrepreneurs During the process of coming up with a business organization, there are various factors that an entrepreneur should consider for the success of the business to be achieved. One of the main factors to be looked at is the capital for starting the proposed business. Therefore, there are three main types of funding sources that an entrepreneur should consider in the process of generating capital for starting a business. These include: Debt Financing Through the process of debt financing, an entrepreneur is required to apply for loans from various financial institutions such as banks and non-government institutions. Therefore, before an organization decide to borrow money from these institutions, the need to consider the lending process, interest provided and the period in which the organization is required to settle all their debts. If the information provided by the banks complies with the situation of the business, the entrepreneur needs to apply for the loans (Viramgami 178). On the other hand, for the bank organization to strike the deal with the organization they need to consider the cash flow of the organization and the security that the proposed organization provides against the loan provided. Grants This is the process whereby various entrepreneurs become part of some of the government agencies within their respective countries. For instance, in the United States, most of their new entrepreneurs who are willing to start small businesses become members of the Small Business Administration, which is part of the Small Business Innovation Research programs (Talloo, 78). Therefore, in the process of becoming part of these government organizations, these people are in the position of getting help

Assess the difficulties confronting Americas response to the attacks Essay

Assess the difficulties confronting Americas response to the attacks of 11th September 2001 - Essay Example To safeguard people’s interests, new strategies and plans were required to be developed and enforced. Laws needed to be framed to make Americans feel safe emotionally, physically and politically. Therefore, the US Patriotic Act was amended and renamed ‘USA Patriot and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act’. It was made more stringent and extra statutes included with wide ranging terrorists relating offences like deliberate and destructive activity against the state or its people resulting in loss of life or property, money laundering, surveillance and detention of people under suspect of terrorist activities etc. with capital punishment introduced. While such stringent measures are incorporated in the constitution, implementation is increasingly becoming tougher because of the multicultural fabric of the society in America. It is very important to understand the motivations behind the terrorism when engaged in counterterrorism efforts, mainly because today the terrorism has become high tech and spread globally, infiltrating the society to the extent that if not handled with cautious and premeditated techniques and strategies, involving the in-depth analysis of the socio-psychological background of the terrorist, it would be extremely difficult to take effective steps to countermand their intended actions, targeting the innocents and holding them to ransom. The general motives of the terrorists in this country and abroad involve coercive tactics and unlawful intimidation of the government bodies to force the government to accede to their vested interest regarding political, ideological or religious demands. Terrorists are people or individuals who commit intended violence against the innocents with the sole intention of harming the public and destroying the property in order to make them meet their vested political goals and religious fanatics’ demands. â€Å"For our terrorist enemies,

Human computer interaction (user interface ) Coursework

Human computer interaction (user interface ) - Coursework Example Reference: Chapman, Callum. "Common Elements Used in Interface Button Design."Â  Web Designer Dept. (2011): 4. Web. 20 Dec. 2011. . TYPOGRAPHY The fonts and typefaces are important elements of the user interface. It should be in proportionate with the design or else it will just look like a clutter. I learned that it should draw attention to the content taking in consideration its size, lines and shade. The overall appearance of the font is in conjunction with its readability which is highly essential for the end-user. Moreover, the amount of text in a given space should be kept to a minimum. The relationship of the font color and background is equally vital in achieving high contrast content which further adds to the readability degree of the content. Lastly, I also learned that appropriate spacing and the presence of empty fields are techniques to achieve visual relief, in this way; the viewer will not be distracted from the focal contents. Reference: Genkin, Namie . "Importance o f Great Web Typography."Onextrapixel. (2010): 1-4. Web. 20 Dec. 2011. ... I also learned that combinations with positive polarity such as the use of dark text on a light background are notably effective. This is particularly important when dealing with visually-impaired users. Reference: Hall, R. and Hanna, P. (2004), The Impact of Web Page Text-Background Color Combinations on Readability, Retention, Aesthetics, and Behavioral Intention, Behaviour & Information Technology, forthcoming VIRTUAL KEYBOARD DESIGN Inputting is the concomitant interaction the user performs. It should be simple despite the complexities of the keyboard’s overall features. In the case of virtual keyboards, wherein industrial design is left out in place of a touch interface, the tactile response time should be fast enough to let the user focus on inputting end and not worrying whether the characters has already been displayed. It is fairly important that the on-screen keyboard should be able to interact with the fingers and not merely by using the stylus. It is a fact that th e best pointing tool is our finger; the keyboard’s design should be able to accommodate the multitasking capability of a human hand. The spacing of each character should be accurately be considered to avoid erroneous inputting. Reference: Xiaojun, Bi, Barton Smith, and Zhai Shumin. "Multilingual Touchscreen Keyboard Design and Optimization."DGP. (2010): 1-34. Web. 20 Dec. 2011. . I learned that in an on-screen keyboard, screen clarity and size are important elements. The spacing between characters avoids unintended inputs. In line with this, the user should be able to perceive that

Does sexual equality exists in our society In answering this question Research Paper - 1

Does sexual equality exists in our society In answering this question. Consider whether or not cultural equality exists, whether social equality exists, and whether biological equality exists - Research Paper Example The paper is aimed to discuss different issues related to sexual equality specifically the presence or absence of it. The different factors affecting the concept of sexual equality will be presented and discussed. One example is the exploration of the root causes of gender inequality. Ultimately, the study is aimed to determine the existence of social equality in the society. The study explores the presence or absence of sexual equality. It is a notion that in reality, sexual equality is merely an objective and a concept aimed for since sexual inequality prevails. In addition, the premises found in real societies can only allow for the existence of sexual inequality. There are different views that express the origins and reasons for sexual inequality such as functionalist and conflict theories. The functionalist theory is a way of viewing social inequality to be necessary on the basis of the functions of the different members and components of the society. For example, the role of men is different from the role of women, thus, they need not be compared. Instead these two groups that comprise the society should be view in terms of their complementary roles and functions (Tischer, 2010, p.254). On the basis of this view then, functions designated to every component of the society dictates the dynamics within that social unit. This trend is very evident throughout the history of the human civilization. Even in the earliest societies, men hunt while women attend to the children and the house. Sexual inequality then can be considered as the way of life of the people. What changed then since the said period is the view of the women regarding their role in the society. Due to the long history of having roles attached to the household, the female population became recognized and perceived to be better suited to stay at home while the male population works for a living. It then became increasingly natural to just assume that

The musical thought and influence of Brian Eno Essay - 1

The musical thought and influence of Brian Eno - Essay Example "This resource is very relevant for the topic of study, considering that it traces the history of Brian Eno and what he has been able to do in music, which earns him a name. Through this source, we get to understand that; while music has been introduced with different aims, Brian Eno’s contemporary music, which he has referred as the "ambient" music, has been customized to, and intended for a particular place, or meant to elicit a particular mood. He has sought to influence the people in different contexts, with music that is particularly tailor-made for that purpose. Consequently, he introduced â€Å"ambient music for airports†, after wondering how the architects of an airport in Germany would have managed to be very careful with the floor plan, but neglect the essence of having a soundtrack in the airport terminal. Brian Eno is held in high esteem as a visionary record producer, ambient composer and leading sound experimentalist. His influence is actually felt based o n the choice and the diversity of the musical genres and subjects he handles, such that despite being a confirmed atheist, Brian Eno has gone ahead and done an album inspired by Christian gospel music. Thus, he has been able to traverse different what he refers to as ‘community music’, music that is all-encompassing and all-inclusive, by establishing music that is able to transcend the individuality and sense of self, and making an individual to completely surrender to the tone, mood and texture elicited by the music.  

Review of Aphrodite And The Gods of Love Exhibit at the MFA in Boston Essay

Review of Aphrodite And The Gods of Love Exhibit at the MFA in Boston - Essay Example These inspirations were drawn from religious entities, which had been, the inspiration that presented multiple meanings within the societal setting. The Aphrodite as presented by the sculptor Praxiteles is no exception and through the visit at the Boston Museum, the life-size sculpture stands tall depicting the image of the relived story of this famous goddess. The visit had been to articulate the impacts of variable works and heir contribution to the modern visual studies. The sculpture has had significance in depicting the life of the ancient Greek society and their relation to the supernatural. Inspiration behind the sculpture Ancient Greek artifacts and art pieces had been developed based on the belief that they had been in connection with the supernatural. These beliefs led to the creation of numerous pieces, mostly based on the gods who they had given responsibility to represent variable nature compositions. The sculpture’s position at the MFA was significant because it drew the class closer to the ancient mythology that relied on the value of the piece. Though not fully composed, the structural composition of this art form suggested that it had been pieced to withstand the generations to depict Aphrodite as immortal. Aphrodite had been the god who held meaning and inspiration to the emotional composition of the society and had been referred to as Venus. The nude figure of the form suggests the powerful implication that the piece presented to the society, with the seduction entity involved (Smee). This idolization had been relayed to be self-explanatory with the piece strategically placed, to fit within the context as one that contributed to the entity that women in the royalty of Greek mythology generated. The museum has centered the piece with other exhibition of women who made an impact within the Greek mythology like the piece on Degas and the Nude. Setting at MFA The arrangement of the pieces in the MFA is placed to complement the period and g enerate the knowledge required in the pieces that presented similar meanings. The curators and art directors presented the displayed in a careful organization to complement Aphrodite’s piece to regulate on any flaw that may be witnessed in telling the story. The vases and the mirrors connecting to the piece had been stationed to lead the viewers’ eyes to the presented sculpture. The piece is witnessed as incomplete with parts of her limbs, and head chopped off. However, it can be articulated as a masterly piece due to the viewer’s ability to recognize its symbolic identity instantly. The museum has a presentation to enlighten inspiring artists to create the environment and organize a brief explanation of the pieces to present a brief on what each had been built to hold. Accompanying the artifacts are tags that present the pieces to the viewers with most pieces containing their name, artist and identity of the work. This is vital to limit confusion and help in ex plaining the works to the viewers who need a brief description of the composition that they visit the MFA to conduct their research. Aphrodite Sculpture The ancient Greek society travelled to the mountains to present their adoration of Aphrodite in the sculpted forms in the subsequent time. Today, Aphrodite stands tall in the MF museum and critics can access the beauty of her image through the sculpture. The sculpture helps the modern society explain the mythology through

United States Essay Example for Free

United States Essay Nowadays most of students after graduating high school start to think and infer which college or university will offer education and affordable tuition. Some future students decide on its prestige, well known student life, or the distance from home to school. When I graduated from high school, I had to decide stay in my native country and study at the university or come over to the United States of America. I chose being in the USA and study at Lone Star College for many reasons. First reason why I chose to attend this college is the unique distance. I would say I drive from my house to school approximately for 3 minutes or  even can take a walk for 10 minutes. That is amazing when you get to school in a couple minutes and you do not have to stick in permanent heavy traffic in the morning or afternoon. When school is close to the house, students will not have problems with attendance. Another reason was incredibly low tuition fee because it is pretty minor for international students. Even when student has financial problems, this college has all financial helps. For instance, scholarships and loans are available for students. All these financial help open doors for every student  who is interested in being educated. Finally I chose this college because all my major classes are in one campus. My prospective major is petroleum engineering, so I spend lots of time in the library studying math and other subjects. I am very lucky that I do not need to waste my precious time being stuck in traffic before I get from one campus to another. Lone Star College is the best community college and I suggest for future students choose very carefully their colleges or universities. There are lots of colleges with their unique teachers and students and it is not easy to make a decision.

A City On Civilizations

A City On Civilizations The purpose of this integration paper is to determine the impact of a city on civilizations. Cities have also been a changing factor during the course of time, and have improved the way we live today. When we compare the different types of cities, we can then determine the similarities and differences in various places and eras. Why are cities an essential part of civilization? Has urban life been the same in different civilizations over time? Why or why not? What accounts for the similarities and differences in various places and eras? To write a successful essay on these questions, you need to integrate material from each of the following chapters in our textbook: Chapters 3, 6, and 11. http://www.ancientcivilizations.co.uk/home_set.html Cities assumed the control and integration functions of the new political, economic, religious, and social systems. All cultural forms eventually became hierarchically organized. Class and caste societies based on political and religious status became the norm, replacing the older ranked societies of farming villages. Urbanization changed the way humans lived by going from a self sufficient village, to having jobs and becoming more industrialized. People started to leave villages and farms to live in cities.  Ã‚  A cause of this might have been the younger generation not having as much experience to start agriculture on their own, so they would rather obtain jobs in a more urbanized culture to gain the experience and then hopefully be able to maintain their own farm. The negative impacts that would arise from urbanization are increased costs over what the local working class receives in wages.  Ã‚  Laws were developed on how farms should be maintained, which in some instances would bankrupt farmers, because of high maintenance costs to abide by regulations.  Ã‚  This would cause people to have no choice but to end up as workers to support their household, meaning they might be required to move closer to the city to be near jobs, which would also add to the higher living expenses related to urbanization. When we think of urbanization, we can also relate it to archaeological traces of classical Athens and Rome, which did reveal some differences between what constitutes a city-state and an imperial capital city.   Reilly explains, big choices such as laws, decisions of war and peace, determination of how much money to collect and what to spend it on were determined by the mass assembly, which consisted of all citizens.   The town council was the one who prepared most of the issues, but the final judge was the assembly.   This seems to be the origin of politics, and development of a democratic society. Rome on the other hand was the opposite; it was considered a show place for power, according to Reilly.   The Greeks were more focused on attention to the quality of harbors and the fertility of the soil and occupied themselves with beauty and fortification, while the Romans concentrated on providing their cities with adequate water, streets, and sewers.   Most of these amenities were mainly for the rich though; everyone else had to figure out their own means of obtaining water, and utilizing sewage, which was mainly just tossing it out the window. Artwork and pictures also plays a role in the identity of a city, for example, pictures from classical Athens consisted of sculptors that were produced from ideal views, whereas the goal of Roman artifacts and pictures was to produce realistic portraits for decoration and symbolisms of power.   I found the pictures in the text book and the photos of ancient Athens in the lectures very telling.   The picture of Rome (Reilly p.142-143) shows a congested city and magnificent buildings.   Many of the buildings were built for entertainment purposes and could hold most of the people of Rome.   The buildings and entertainment were enough to blind you from the poorly built and cramped housing.   The photos in the lecture of ancient Athens and the Agora (www.stoa.org/athens) showed the importance placed on having a gathering place for all of societys functions.   Buying and selling commodities, and discussing politics, business and current events. The enduring architecture, engineering, and writings from the classical period of both civilizations work to reveal drastic differences in the political, social, and economic aspects of life between the cultures.   One is provided with insight into how the different peoples viewed different matters in varying respects. The enduring architecture of the great city-state of Athens is the primary indication of the participatory nature of the Greek city-state itself.   The remains of the acropolis, the agora, and the amphitheater are signs of a culture whose goal was the enrichment of human life, [which was made possible] by the polis (Reilly, 1997, p. 133).   The acropolis, which was the home of the Greek gods provided for religious relief; the agora served as the primary meeting place and market place of the people; and the amphitheater was the principal form of entertainment for Athenians.   Each form of architecture simply emphasizes the importance of citizen participation in every aspect of political, social, and economic Athenian life.   The engineering systems, water aqueducts, and the remnants of the Coliseum of the Roman imperial capital city are the primary indications of the non-participatory nature of the imperial capital city.   The luxury of the baths, palaces, and efficient sewage systems that were offered to the ruling classes were a far cry from the dirty, crowded, and disease-rampant tenements that characterized the lives of the Roman poor.   Moreover, the emphasis on gladiatorial violence, which took part in the Coliseum and the Circus Maximus, revealed that when a citys inhabitants no longer have any control over the life of the city, they must be entertained (Reilly, 1997, p. 144).   Clearly, Roman citizens had no participation in the running of the city, and thus, were kept entertained through violent games. There is definitely a difference between the city-state of Athens and the imperial capital city of Rome.   Ancient Athens was viewed as a democracy, where power was distributed to a larger population of the city.   Kevin Reilly states, In terms of technology, comforts, physical layout, and the lives of the inhabitants, Athens was not very far removed from the peasant village (Reilly p.130).   They led simple lives and had ample leisure time.   The Athenian amphitheatre was where hundreds of plays were watched, and even participated in, by members of the audience.   The Greek tragedies displayed human foibles, political policy and the eternal dramas of human life on stage for all to see (Reilly p.131).   The city-state made possible a relatively peaceful and fulfilling way of life.   The democratic nature of the polis was a key aspect of leading this good life. Although we may underestimate the houses of ancient Athens, they were built similar to each other and provided a decent living.   R.E. Wycherley states, Classical Greek houses were unpretentious, at least from the outside; they were hardly expected to make much contribution to the architectural beauty of the city (How the Greeks Built Cities, R.E. Wycherley 1949).   In contrast, ancient Rome put their efforts into elaborate Coliseums and amphitheatres and made no attempt to build decent housing for the less fortunate. Ancient Rome was the opposite of life in ancient Athens.   Rome was built with the intention only the wealthy would have a comfortable living.   The great sewer system did not extend to the houses of the poor, thus they were left to live with the stench of excrement.   The housing was cramped and congested which led to epidemic infestation and spontaneous combustion.   Romans were not offered participation in community affairs.   There was also a large separation between rich and poor.   Reilly contends, Class divisions between rich and poor, powerful and weak, were radically accelerated in the capital city, especially Rome (Reilly p.141).   The city had many diversions to ease the reality of life.   Romans would watch extravagant circuss (Circus Maximus) or head to the Coliseum for brutal gladiatorial exhibitions.   Romans were blood thirsty and hungry for entertainment.   This entertainment was the only way for most citizens to forget about their daily lives and the horrible living conditions.   Although the city had many engineering and technological marvels for this period, it was designed for the rich and powerful to enjoy. The main differences I have noticed between a city-state and an imperial capital city is how it is socially governed.   A city-state is controlled by the citizens, where decisions and laws are voted on by a mass assembly.   An imperial capital city, such as Rome, is controlled by an emperor or dictator, where the only decision made was by him; even though the emperor had a senate, they were only in place to advise the emperor. Kevin Reilly and the photographic archives both worked to reveal the key difference between the city-state and the imperial capital city of the classical world.   While the city-states were citizen-based and democratic, the imperial capital cities were more entertaining and economically focused. Overall the social changes that were taking place were not all negative, most societies benefited from urbanization, as far as profits that were being made.  Ã‚  It also leads to a more modernized way of living due to urban growth, and improved opportunities for jobs, housing, and transportation.

Contribution Of Population Growth To Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay

Contribution Of Population Growth To Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay Population may refers to all the members of a particular species within an ecosystem and live in the same geographical area. Birth, deaths, and migration are the major factors that determine whether and how much the size of a population changes. Organisms join a population through birth or immigration and leave it through death or emigration. A population would remain stable if there are many individuals join and leave. Conversely, population growth occurs when the number of births plus immigrants exceeds the number of deaths plus immigrants. According to U.S. Census Bureau, the total world population, estimated to be 6.87billion as at 22 September 2010. And according to United Nations Population Division, the world population will increase by 2.5 billion over the next 40 years. Today, it is broadly thought a larger population leads to greater emissions. Generally, the scientists believe that as the population has grown, emissions of carbon dioxide have increased in proportion, and it would contribute to the acid rain and global warming. But how is it actually contributed to acid rain and global warming? To answer this question, it would be important to understand the nature of acid rain and global warming. Acid rain is a form of pollution that can cause lots damages to the natural ecosystem, to man-made objects (e.g. buildings), as well as harm human health. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are the primary causes of acid rain. When combined with water vapor in the atmosphere, nitrogen dioxides and sulfur dioxide are converted to nitric acid and sulfur dioxide respectively (Audesirk, et al., 2005, p.853-54). Days later, these acids fall with rainwater, eating away at buildings, damaging trees, rendering lakes lifeless. Another serious environmental issue, global warming, which is an increase in the earths temperature. It happens when greenhouse gases (e.g. carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrous oxide) trap heat and light from the sun in Earths atmosphere which increase the temperature. Both acid rain and global warming can cause severe impacts to plant life, aquatic life, man-made object, and human life. To be sure, these growing environmental issues are not natural phenomenon, rather they are man-made. Nowadays, human unethical activities which mainly came from the toxic gases discharged by the factories has polluted global atmosphere that are a direct result of acid rain. Notable, life on Earth is dependent on carbon dioxide to regulate our planets temperature, yet too much of the CO2 can create a heat up over our atmosphere. For this reason, the unsustainable population growth and excessive consumption can rise up levels of carbon dioxide which result in the earths climate been altered in serious ways. How does the population growth contribute to acid rain and global warming? During ancient times, primitive people were sustained by dependent on the energy flowing from the sun. But as the population grew and technology increased, humans began to act more and more independently of these natural processes. For example, the Industrial Revolution began during mid-nineteenth century, resulted in a tremendous increase in our reliance on energy from fossil fuels (i.e. coal, petroleum and natural gas) for heat, light, transportation, and industry as well as agriculture sector. Today, we can see that many multinational corporations spend huge amount of money to make foreign direct investment (set up plant or factory) in emerging countries such as China and India to benefit from the cost advantage. This implies that more factories are set up abroad and the result is that more toxic gases being discharged to the atmosphere. Moreover, as more countries have industrialized, human industrial activities have discharged more nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. For example, United States discharge about 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere annually, two-third of it from power plants burning coal or oil (Audesirk et al., 2005, p.853-54). Consequently, the excess emission of these gases has contributed to acid rain. As mentioned earlier, human population growth is increasing in a rapid way annually. In other words, the demand for houses increases as well. In such circumstance, there are more and more trees being cutting down to supply more land for houses and thus deforestation happen in many places. Besides, the demand on raw materials for building houses would generate more chemicals and gases that pollute the environment. And, during the construction, the transportation such as trucks moving around would generate more carbon dioxide that further destroy the ozone layer and eventually result more acid rain. When we parked our car at the parking lot on a hot day, we can feel the hot when we get in to the car few hours later. A simple reason is that the heat and light from the sun get into the car, but it cant get back out. This is what the greenhouse effect does to our earth, thus result in a gradual increase in the earths temperature. We know that, people like to stay in the house to enjoying cool air-conditioner while watching TV, surfing web via computer, store favorite food in refrigerator and so on. However, they never realized that electricity cause pollution in many ways. When they do these things, they are causing more greenhouse gasses to be sent into the air. For this reason, in most cases, fossil fuels are burned to create electricity. Many pollutants are sent to the air when fossil fuels are burned. Imagine, large amount of households are using electricity every day, and the electric providers would need to burn many tons of fossil fuels to supply electric to the household, and their activities directly contribute to the global warming. A further contribution of population growth is through the vehicular pollution. As the population increases, the demand and usage of automobiles and other machines will increase as well. The activities of burning fossil fuels by a growing number of vehicles have amplified the natural greenhouse effect, producing global warming. According to Nationmaster (2005), countries like United States, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Australia and Malta have a large number on the possession of motor vehicles. Particularly in United States, the statistic shows that there are 765 vehicles per 100 people. Notable, the statistic had not included trucks and buses on the road. Therefore, vehicular pollution are considered largest source of air pollution which also the killer of our earth. So far, we have discussed the human population growth and their activities have contributed to these two environmental problem. What about animals? In fact, animal population growth also a threat to environment. According to a report by United Nation, livestock are one of the most significant contributors to todays most serious environmental problems. With increased population, people are consuming more meat products today. The global livestock sector is growing in a rapid way than other sectors. However, such rapid growth is not a good indication. Based on United Nations report, cattle produce more harmful greenhouse gases to atmosphere. Human activities in livestock sector accounts for 65% of nitrous oxide which can cause global warming; while livestock accounts for 37% of methane contribution and 64% of ammonia which is largely produced by the digest system of ruminants (i.e. cow and sheep) contributes significantly to acid rain. Throughout the above discussion, we can see that how population growth contributes to todays serious environmental problem. In fact, whatever we doing every day, we are actually contributed to these two environmental problems. Imagine, as the population growth, more and more people will contribute more unwanted toxic to the earth and eventually worsen the earths health. Human, as the most intelligent animals on the earth; we should do something to reduce the pollution. In terms of government, rules and regulation are needed to control the emission of toxic gases, and also regulate in birth control. Furthermore, government should also increase the public awareness through different media and campaigns. Individual can also make a difference to prevent these environmental problems to be further worsened. For example, it is encourage driving less to curb the vehicular pollution. Additionally, reducing the usage of electricity, and consuming more organic food because organic soil absorb large amount of carbon dioxide. In a nutshell, it is global responsibility to protect the earth; after all, there are no other planets but earth that could allow human to live. Audesirk, T., Audesirk, G. and Byers, B.E. 2005. Biology life on earth. 7th ed. United States.Prentice Hall. Nationmaster. 2005. Transportation statistic, motor vehicles (most recent) by country. [online] Available from: http://www.nationmaster.com/red/graph/tra_mot_veh-transportation-motor-vehiclesHYPERLINK http://www.nationmaster.com/red/graph/tra_mot_veh-transportation-motor-vehiclesb_map=1HYPERLINK http://www.nationmaster.com/red/graph/tra_mot_veh-transportation-motor-vehiclesb_map=1b_map=1 [Accessed 26 September 2010] United Nation. 2006. Rearing cattle produces more greenhouse gases than driving cars, UN report warns. [online] Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?newsID=20772HYPERLINK http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?newsID=20772CR1=warningHYPERLINK http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?newsID=20772CR1=warningCR1=warning [Accessed 26 September 2010] US Census Bureau. 2010. World popclock projection. [online] Available from: http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popclockworld.html [Accessed 22 September 2010] United Nation Population Division. World population will increase by 2.5 billion by 2050; people over 60 to increase by more than 1 billion. [online] Available from: http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/pop952.doc.htm [Accessed 22 September 2010] Cheng, M. and Kennedy, K. No date. Population growth and society. [online] Available from: http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/populationgrowth.htm [Accessed 23 September 2010]

Cyber Culture: The Future of Print Essay -- Technology Literature Essa

When we think of technology, what often comes to mind are televisions, communications devices such as cell phones and satellites, computers, and different modes of transportation. However, there are other ways in which technology is applied, one of those being the Internet and its various components including email, chat rooms, and search engines. The list of uses for the Internet is innumerable and many corporations and universities are forcing people to make use of it. But no matter how much this new technology is forced on us, people are still resistant to it. As George Landow, Professor of English and Art History at Brown University, states, "Technology, in the lexicon of many humanists, generally means 'only that technology of which I am frightened'" (Landow 218). Such resistance is unfortunate because the generation of online technology is here. Whether we have accepted it or not we are "twenty minutes into the future" (Landow 214). Books are no longer the sole resource for inf ormation gathering and communicating. A whole new system for conveying information has taken place. "In many ways, we have, for better or worse, already moved beyond the book. Even on the crudest, most materialist standard involving financial returns, we no longer find it at the center of our culture as the primary means of recording and disseminating information and entertainment" (Landow 215). Cyber culture, particularly Internet phenomenons such as online journals and email, have enhanced the way we work with writing and changed the way we write. For instance, references such as online journals and magazines have facilitated researchers in numerous ways. EMU's online database alone contains a library of information on topics ranging from busines... ...w technology called cyber culture, Landow makes a very good point when he says â€Å"Digital technology may be new, but technology, particularly information technology, has permeated all known culture since the beginnings of human history (218). Cyber culture is here to stay and can be very effective in communication, research, and writing; the challenge now, is to close the generational gap between those who have embraced cyber culture and those who still resist it. Works Cited Landow, George. â€Å"Twenty Minutes into the Future, or How Are We Moving Beyond the Book?† Writing Material: Readings from Plato to the Digital Age.† Comp. Evelyn B. Tribble & Anne Trubek. New York: Longman, 2003. 214-226. Lesser, Wendy. â€Å"The Conversation.† Writing Material: Readings from Plato to the Digital Age.† Comp. Evelyn B. Tribble & Anne Trubek. New York: Longman, 2003. 227-223.

Child Abuse and Neglect :: Violence Against Children

Outline Thesis: What is Child Abuse and what are it’s effects on the child and his/her family? I. Introduction II. Different types of child abuse A. Physical Abuse B. Sexual Abuse C. Incest D. Exploitation III. Neglect A. Physical Neglect B. Educational Neglect C. Emotional Neglect D. Moral Neglect IV. Sexual Abuse A. Exhibitionism B. Sexual Acts V. Incest A. Sexual acts between relatives B. Victim statistics VI. Child Pornography A. Boomed in the 70's B. Abused passed on through generations VII. Where abused children are found A. All neighborhoods B. Low income families IX. Abuse Laws A. Laws in all states B. Abuse statistics X. Conclusion What is Child Abuse? By definition, child abuse is the deliberate and willful injury of a child by a caretaker hitting, beating with an object, slamming against a wall, even killing. It involves active, hostile, aggressive treatment. The key word in the definition of child abuse is deliberate. Why would anyone physically harm a child? The physical destruction of a child is the extreme reaction of parents to the stress of having children. Most people are not aware of the fact that deliberately hitting a child is considered a felony in all fifty states. Abuse of children is more common than most people realize. At least one out of five adult women and one out of every ten adult men report having been abused in childhood. Recognizing child abuse in its several forms is a twentieth century phenomenon. Child abuse is also more likely to be recognized in economically developed countries than in other parts of the world. Children have been beaten and abandoned for centuries, based primarily on the belief that children are the property of their parents. By educating yourself and your children about abuse, you can help prevent it from happening to your children and better cope with it if it does. (Child 6) There are four different forms of child abuse. They are physical abuse (child beating and neglect), sexual abuse, incest, and exploitation (such as child pornography). Physical abuse occurs when a caretaker deliberately beats the child. Some examples of 2 physical abuse include burning with a cigarette, striking a child, and scalding with hot water. According to social agencies, beatings of children have been multiplying over the past twenty-five years or so. The increasing number of reports could mean that in recent years, social workers, health professionals, and other experts have become better able to recognize cases of mistreatment. Child Abuse and Neglect :: Violence Against Children Outline Thesis: What is Child Abuse and what are it’s effects on the child and his/her family? I. Introduction II. Different types of child abuse A. Physical Abuse B. Sexual Abuse C. Incest D. Exploitation III. Neglect A. Physical Neglect B. Educational Neglect C. Emotional Neglect D. Moral Neglect IV. Sexual Abuse A. Exhibitionism B. Sexual Acts V. Incest A. Sexual acts between relatives B. Victim statistics VI. Child Pornography A. Boomed in the 70's B. Abused passed on through generations VII. Where abused children are found A. All neighborhoods B. Low income families IX. Abuse Laws A. Laws in all states B. Abuse statistics X. Conclusion What is Child Abuse? By definition, child abuse is the deliberate and willful injury of a child by a caretaker hitting, beating with an object, slamming against a wall, even killing. It involves active, hostile, aggressive treatment. The key word in the definition of child abuse is deliberate. Why would anyone physically harm a child? The physical destruction of a child is the extreme reaction of parents to the stress of having children. Most people are not aware of the fact that deliberately hitting a child is considered a felony in all fifty states. Abuse of children is more common than most people realize. At least one out of five adult women and one out of every ten adult men report having been abused in childhood. Recognizing child abuse in its several forms is a twentieth century phenomenon. Child abuse is also more likely to be recognized in economically developed countries than in other parts of the world. Children have been beaten and abandoned for centuries, based primarily on the belief that children are the property of their parents. By educating yourself and your children about abuse, you can help prevent it from happening to your children and better cope with it if it does. (Child 6) There are four different forms of child abuse. They are physical abuse (child beating and neglect), sexual abuse, incest, and exploitation (such as child pornography). Physical abuse occurs when a caretaker deliberately beats the child. Some examples of 2 physical abuse include burning with a cigarette, striking a child, and scalding with hot water. According to social agencies, beatings of children have been multiplying over the past twenty-five years or so. The increasing number of reports could mean that in recent years, social workers, health professionals, and other experts have become better able to recognize cases of mistreatment.

Deception Point Page 108

Exhausted, Tolland looked up at the underbelly of the thundering tilt-rotor airplane. Deafening gusts pounded down off its horizontal propellers. As Rachel rose on a cable, numerous sets of hands pulled her into the fuselage. As Tolland watched her dragged to safety, his eyes spotted a familiar man crouched half-naked in the doorway. Corky? Tolland's heart soared. You're alive! Immediately, the harness fell from the sky again. It landed ten feet away. Tolland wanted to swim for it, but he could already feel the sucking sensation of the plume. The relentless grip of the sea wrapped around him, refusing to let go. The current pulled him under. He fought toward the surface, but the exhaustion was overwhelming. You're a survivor, someone was saying. He kicked his legs, clawing toward the surface. When he broke through into the pounding wind, the harness was still out of reach. The current strained to drag him under. Looking up into the torrent of swirling wind and noise, Tolland saw Rachel. She was staring down, her eyes willing him up toward her. It took Tolland four powerful strokes to reach the harness. With his last ounce of strength, he slid his arm and head up into the loop and collapsed. All at once the ocean was falling away beneath him. Tolland looked down just as the gaping vortex opened. The megaplume had finally reached the surface. William Pickering stood on the bridge of the Goya and watched in dumbstruck awe as the spectacle unfolded all around him. Off the starboard of the Goya's stern, a huge basinlike depression was forming on the surface of the sea. The whirlpool was hundreds of yards across and expanding fast. The ocean spiraled into it, racing with an eerie smoothness over the lip. All around him now, a guttural moan reverberated out of the depths. Pickering's mind was blank as he watched the hole expanding toward him like the gaping mouth of some epic god hungry for sacrifice. I'm dreaming, Pickering thought. Suddenly, with an explosive hiss that shattered the windows of the Goya's bridge, a towering plume of steam erupted skyward out of the vortex. A colossal geyser climbed overhead, thundering, its apex disappearing into the darkened sky. Instantly, the funnel walls steepened, the perimeter expanding faster now, chewing across the ocean toward him. The stern of the Goya swung hard toward the expanding cavity. Pickering lost his balance and fell to his knees. Like a child before God, he gazed downward into the growing abyss. His final thoughts were for his daughter, Diana. He prayed she had not known fear like this when she died. The concussion wave from the escaping steam hurled the Osprey sideways. Tolland and Rachel held each other as the pilots recovered, banking low over the doomed Goya. Looking out, they could see William Pickering-the Quaker-kneeling in his black coat and tie at the upper railing of the doomed ship. As the stern fishtailed out over the brink of the massive twister, the anchor cable finally snapped. With its bow proudly in the air, the Goya slipped backward over the watery ledge, sucked down the steep spiraling wall of water. Her lights were still glowing as she disappeared beneath the sea. 131 The Washington morning was clear and crisp. A breeze sent eddies of leaves skittering around the base of the Washington Monument. The world's largest obelisk usually awoke to its own peaceful image in the reflecting pool, but today the morning brought with it a chaos of jostling reporters, all crowding around the monument's base in anticipation. Senator Sedgewick Sexton felt larger than Washington itself as he stepped from his limousine and strode like a lion toward the press area awaiting him at the base of the monument. He had invited the nation's ten largest media networks here and promised them the scandal of the decade. Nothing brings out the vultures like the smell of death, Sexton thought. In his hand, Sexton clutched the stack of white linen envelopes, each elegantly wax-embossed with his monogrammed seal. If information was power, then Sexton was carrying a nuclear warhead. He felt intoxicated as he approached the podium, pleased to see his improvised stage included two â€Å"fameframes†-large, free-standing partitions that flanked his podium like navy-blue curtains-an old Ronald Reagan trick to ensure he stood out against any backdrop. Sexton entered stage right, striding out from behind the partition like an actor out of the wings. The reporters quickly took their seats in the several rows of folding chairs facing his podium. To the east, the sun was just breaking over the Capitol dome, shooting rays of pink and gold down on Sexton like rays from heaven. A perfect day to become the most powerful man in the world. â€Å"Good morning, ladies and gentlemen,† Sexton said, laying the envelopes on the lectern before him. â€Å"I will make this as short and painless as possible. The information I am about to share with you is, frankly, quite disturbing. These envelopes contain proof of a deceit at the highest levels of government. I am ashamed to say that the President called me half an hour ago and begged me-yes, begged me-not to go public with this evidence.† He shook his head with dismay. â€Å"And yet, I am a man who believes in the truth. No matter how painful.† Sexton paused, holding up the envelopes, tempting the seated crowd. The reporters' eyes followed the envelopes back and forth, a pack of dogs salivating over some unknown delicacy. The President had called Sexton a half hour ago and explained everything. Herney had talked to Rachel, who was safely aboard a plane somewhere. Incredibly, it seemed the White House and NASA were innocent bystanders in this fiasco, a plot masterminded by William Pickering. Not that it matters, Sexton thought. Zach Herney is still going down hard. Sexton wished he could be a fly on the wall of the White House right now to see the President's face when he realized Sexton was going public. Sexton had agreed to meet Herney at the White House right now to discuss how best to tell the nation the truth about the meteorite. Herney was probably standing in front of a television at this very moment in dumbfounded shock, realizing that there was nothing the White House could do to stop the hand of fate. â€Å"My friends,† Sexton said, letting his eyes connect with the crowd. â€Å"I have weighed this heavily. I have considered honoring the President's desire to keep this data secret, but I must do what is in my heart.† Sexton sighed, hanging his head like a man trapped by history. â€Å"The truth is the truth. I will not presume to color your interpretation of these facts in any way. I will simply give you the data at face value.† In the distance, Sexton heard the beating of huge helicopter rotors. For a moment, he wondered if maybe the President were flying over from the White House in a panic, hoping to halt the press conference. That would be the icing on the cake, Sexton thought mirthfully. How guilty would Herney appear THEN? â€Å"I do not take pleasure in doing this,† Sexton continued, sensing his timing was perfect. â€Å"But I feel it is my duty to let the American people know they have been lied to.† The aircraft thundered in, touching down on the esplanade to their right. When Sexton glanced over, he was surprised to see it was not the presidential helicopter after all, but rather a large Osprey tilt-rotor airplane. The fuselage read: United States Coast Guard Baffled, Sexton watched as the cabin door opened and a woman emerged. She wore an orange Coast Guard parka and looked disheveled, like she'd been through a war. She strode toward the press area. For a moment, Sexton didn't recognize her. Then it hit him. Rachel? He gaped in shock. What the hell is SHE doing here? A murmur of confusion went through the crowd. Pasting a broad smile on his face, Sexton turned back to the press and raised an apologetic finger. â€Å"If you could give me just one minute? I'm terribly sorry.† He heaved the weary, good-natured sigh. â€Å"Family first.†

Universalism vs. Particularism

Universalism vs. Particularism is a concept forwarded by Fons Trompenaars, a Dutch author. Basically, this dimension asks if which is more important to you, rules or relationships. The Universalist, or rule-based, approach is roughly: â€Å"What is good and right can be defined and ALWAYS applies. † In particularistic cultures, far greater attention is given to the obligations of relationships and unique circumstances. Universalism vs. Particularism indicates how a society applies rules of morals and ethics. In a Universal society such as the U. S. , rules and contracts are developed which can apply in any situation. For example, take the case of trying to cross the street at the red light. In a very rule-based society like the U. S. , you will still be frowned at even if there is no traffic. It tends to imply equality in the sense that all persons, or citizens, falling under the rule should be treated the same. On the contrary, in Asian societies like Taiwan, where particularist judgments focus on the exceptional nature of circumstances, it is likely to be OK with one if it is his/her brothers or friends that violate the traffic rule. These people are not â€Å"citizens†, but their â€Å"friends† or â€Å"brothers†. This difference probably explains why there have been difficulties in implementing a judicial system that is credible in our country. Strong universalist cultures use the court to mediate conflicts. The more universal a country is the greater is the need to protect the truth. International operating businesses think more likely in an universalistic way. When universalistic business people agree to a contract relating to a high value deal there are always lawyers involved to assure that every detail is correctly mentioned and protected by a paragraph. In case one party would break a part of the committed deal it is possible to draw the consequences and sue the counterpart. In particularisticic cultures legal contracts don’t only keep their promises something is written down on paper. More than that they trust, rely and believe in the business relationship which was build up in the time before the contract was discussed. Chinese business people trust very much on relationships between the partners and strict regulations/formulations would probably offend/insult the partner because they would get the idea that they aren’t trustful and are cheater. The importance of relationships again solidity be carefully considered and taken into account especially from universalistic cultures when dealing with particularistic cultures. Chinese try to keep the contracts vague and not too tied. It might happen that Chinese business people will still try to negotiate afterwards even the contract was already signed/closed and agreed from all sites. In negotiations Chinese will spend a lot of time in building up a relationship with their business partners so the actual negotiation will be at the end of the meeting time. While Americans dealing with Chinese, Americans often try to close deals as fast as possible. But as a result of the Chinese way to make deals the Americans might commit more advantages than first thought just to rush forward and close a deal. This can be an advantage for particularistic cultures. Universalist cultures focus normally more on rules than on relationships. For instance American employees compete hard for better job positions and to climb up in the hierarchy and earn more money. They do this without caring for colleagues and the relationship with them. In comparison, particularistic cultures like China focus heavily on relationships. When working with/managing particularistic, universalists should build informal networks and create private understandings as well as they should try to look for fairness in doing business by treating and looking on cases each as a specific one. Particularistic cultures avoid rigid or standardized systems to manage across cultures. They rather prefer to leave some room for changes which might occur in the future process. Some stereotypes say that Germans are talented to build infrastructure and Americans are excellent to develop and invent new products/ideas. When markets became more individual and specific the USA came into trouble with their way of mass production and mass marketing. Especially in competition with particularistic countries likes France who is orientated on individual and customized products.

Caveat Emptor

Caveat Emptor in Latin means † Let the buyer beware † in other words it is a notice to the buyer that the goods sold to the buyer are â€Å"as it is†. This rule Is a rule of the common law applicable to the sale and purchase of lands, other real estate and so on. Under the principle of Caveat Emptor, the buyer could not recover damages from the seller for defects on the property. However, this rule Is not arranged to protect sellers who engage In fraud or bad faith dealing by making false or misleading representations about the quality or condition of a particular product.Also, in buying used goods, like a used car, often the buyer has the risk, bears the burden of making sure that he or she gets what she bargained for or what she paid for and that there are no defects in the car because they will not be able to return the car and get money back because of the doctrine of caveat emptor. The word ‘caveat' is often used to warn buyers. For instance, you could s ay that the regulatory agency issued a caveat to citizens to do something or not to do something.This ollowing case is connected to the caveat emptor rule: Cheater v Cater [1917] 21 KB 247 The defendant landlord let a farm to a tenant retalnlng the adjoining premises on which was a shrubbery containing yew trees. The branches of the yew trees overhung the farm and were within the reach of the tenants cattle and horses. The tenant's horse died after eating yew from the overhanging branches of trees growing on the landlord's adjoining land. Held: The tenant's claim against the landlord in negligence and nuisance failed.Pickford LJ said: The law of this country is that a tenant, when he takes a farm, must look and Judge for himself what the state of the farm is. Just as in the case ofa purchaser of a business the rule is caveat emptor, so in the case of taking the lease of property the rule is caveat lessee; he must take the property as he finds it. I never heard that a landlord warran ted that the sheep should not eat his yew trees. † That is a distinct statement of the law and not a dictum. It Is the second ground given by the Lord Justice for his Judgment.If a Judge states two grounds for his Judgment and bases his declslon upon both, neither of those grounds Is a dictum. The law so stated by Melllsh L J. Is In agreement with a series of cases of which Sutton v Temple is an early instance. In a case of this kind the tenant takes the land demised as it is, and therefore if the tenant here took the land with the yew trees growing over it so that his cattle could eat of the branches and they did eat, he cannot complain. Therefore the broad proposition argued on behalf of the plaintiff cannot be maintained.In conclusion The caveat emptor had been seen as a powerful tool to the extent that many Jurisdictions have tried to overpower or neutralize it by establishing consumer protection or sale of goods legislation but when it comes to issues concerning land, the principle still applies. Towards the end of the 19th century, Caveat Emptor was still very much breathing as a general rule but the Judiciary were going In to some extent a different direction to go to the length of protecting a buyer as caveat emptor offers buyers very little protection. ThisInevitably led to the drafting of the Sale of Goods Bill. CAVEAT EMPTOR By elnxhshm Caveat Emptor in Latin means † Let the buyer beware† in other words it is a notice to the buyer that the goods sold to the buyer are â€Å"as it is†. This rule is a rule of from the seller for defects on the property. However, this rule is not arranged to protect sellers who engage in fraud or bad faith dealing by making false or The defendant landlord let a farm to a tenant retaining the adjoining premises on overhung the farm and were within the reach of the tenant's cattle and horses.The egligence and nuisance failed. Pickford LJ said: ‘The law of this country is that a farm is. Just as in the case ofa purchaser ofa business the rule is caveat emptor, so not eat his yew trees. † That is a distinct statement of the law and not a dictum. It is grounds for his Judgment and bases his decision upon both, neither of those grounds is a dictum. The law so stated by Mellish L. J. is in agreement with a series of but the Judiciary were going in to some extent a different direction to go to the length inevitably led to the drafting of the Sale of Goods Bill.

Frankenstein Comparative Paper Essay

Compare the Frankenstein novel with Kenneth Branagh’s film version. Which is the better example of a gothic text? Gothic texts enable audiences to be immersed in a world of the supernatural involving horror and romance. Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, and the film adaptation directed by Kenneth Branagh, are both texts that portray the gothic genre. The film may share the same gothic elements as in the novel; however the novel allows the reader to use their own imagination, thus bringing to life this genre. Through the comparison of supernatural events, heightened emotions and the atmosphere of mystery and suspense in both literary mediums of Frankenstein, the differences and similarities will be compared to find the better example of a gothic text. Most gothic texts have a series of supernatural events that help the progression of the story, yet Frankenstein has only one. This event being the creation of the monster sets the entire story in motion. When comparing the novel and film adaptation, the monster was somewhat made in the same way. Various deceased body parts were sewed together to form the shape of a man, and then the use of an electric element brought the monster to life. However, in the novel the monster’s birth was more archaic compared to the seemingly humorous, clumsy behaviour of the monster’s birth in the film as Victor Frankenstein helped it to its feet. When the monster was ‘born’ the emotions and senses were much more detailed in the novel, since it almost portrayed the monster as being a child that explored and discovered such things as clothes and fire: â€Å"I found a fire which had been left by some wandering beggars, and was overcome with delight at the warmth I experienced from it. In my joy I thrust my hand into the live embers, but quickly drew it out again with a cry of pain. How strange, I thought, that the same cause should produce such opposite effects!† Monster (p.123) When this is compared with the film adaptation, once the monster was ‘born’ somehow it already knew what clothes were used for and how to construct makeshift shoes out of cloth. When any child is born the most natural and childlike thing to do is explore your surroundings. The novel Frankenstein, allows the reader to understand the childlike nature of the monster thus building up emotions, which the film did not allow as it took away the childlike innocence when the monster was created. Heightened emotions are a gothic feature Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein portrays clearer than the film adaptation. This is evident when the monster and Frankenstein were conversing in an ice cave. In this scene the tensions were very high between them. The way Shelley portrayed these emotions was by the use of eloquent wording. In the novel, the monster was well spoken when addressing Frankenstein about his experiences of life, and also quite intelligent. When compared to the film, in which the monster stuttered sounds, was not clear at all with many emotions being lost though clumsy wording, thereby portraying him as unintelligent. The build-up of emotions such as rage, disgust, sadness and refusal expressed by Victor in the ice cave when asked to create another like the monster had greater impact in the novel: â€Å"Shall I create another like yourself, whose joint wickedness might desolate the world? Begone! I have answered you; you may torture me, but I will never consent.† Victor (p.176) In the film, Victor simply agreed without the degree of emotions expressed in the novel. With the use of Shelley’s eloquent wording in the novel, heightened emotions are seen clearly compared to the film adaptation in which heightened emotions are rarely seen, thus not supporting a gothic text. Shelley used a very gothic and gloomy atmosphere throughout the novel to put an emphasis on the horror that comes when men try to play God. As a novel can only use the reader’s imagination and descriptive wording by an author’s command of literary skills, a film adaptation of a novel has what may seem to be an advantage in being able to portray a mysterious and suspenseful atmosphere through effective use music, lighting and visual elements to create a gothic atmosphere, something that is not necessarily available in a novel. Yet a novel can create music, lighting and visual elements through the effective use of words. One technique in which the film proved better than the novel was pathetic fallacy; when the atmosphere changed with the mood of the character. An example of this was when the scenes changed from Geneva to Ingolstadt. In Geneva a sunny, happy and vibrant atmosphere was seen through Victor’s relationship with his family and beloved, Elizabeth. With the film also being able to use the effect of a symphony orchestra, it really brought this atmosphere of happiness together. In Ingolstadt the atmosphere was dark and gloomy, and with the effect of the symphony orchestra it was obvious that Ingolstadt was a place where Victor would encounter horrible misfortunes. Compared to the film, the novel was at a disadvantage by not having the ability to engage other senses besides the use of imagination. However, the descriptive wording Shelley used was sufficient enough to build a full picture of Victor’s misfortunes: â€Å"As I still pursued my journey to the northward, the snows thickened and the cold increased in a degree almost too severe to support.† Victor (p.257) In the quote, Victor tracks down the monster in the Arctic; Shelley uses this desolate location to show the isolation of Victor and the monster creating a gothic atmosphere. Even though the film version had the ability to use music and visual elements to create a fuller atmosphere of mystery and suspense, the novel’s descriptive wording proves greater. The film adaptation may share the same gothic elements as in the novel; however the novel lets the reader use their own imagination thus bringing to life this genre. The novel allowed the reader to understand the childlike nature of the monster through the supernatural event, which the film did not. The use of Shelley’s powerful wording expressed heightened emotions better than what was evident in the film adaptation. Even though the film had an advantage in creating an atmosphere of mystery and suspense through the use of creative cinematography, Shelley’s descriptive wording was sufficient enough to create a far better gothic atmosphere, thus being the better example of a gothic text.