History of Computer Essay Example

History of Computer Essay HISTORY OF COMPUTER THE PRE-MECHANICAL AGE: 3000 B. C. – 1450 A. D. 1. Writing and Alphabets – Communication First development of signs corresponding to spoken sounds, instead of pictures, to express words. Around 2000 B. C. , Phoenicians created symbols that expressed single syllables and consonants (the first true alphabet) The Greeks later adopted the Phoenician alphabet and added vowels; the Romans gave the letters Latin names to create the alphabet we use today. 2. Paper and Pens – input technologies. Sumerians’ input technology was a stylus that could scratch marks in wet clay. About 2600 B. C. , the Egyptians wrote on the papyrus plant. Around 100 A. D. , the Chinese made paper from rags, on which modern-day paper-making is based. 3. Books and Libraries – output technologies (permanent storage devices) Religious leaders in Mesopotamia kept the earliest â€Å"books† The Egyptians kept scrolls. Around 600 B. C. , the Greeks began to fold sheet of papyrus vertically into leaves and bind them together. 4. The First Numbering System Egyptian system: The numbers 1-9 as vertical lines, the number 10 as a U or circle, the number 100 as a coiled rope, and the number 1,000 as a lotus blossom. The first numbering system similar to those in use today were invented between 100 and 200 A. D. by Hindus in India who created a nine-digit numbering system. Around 875 A. D. , the concept of zero was developed. 5. The First Calculator: The Abacus. One of the very first information processor. The Abacus was man’s first recorded adding machine. It was in 500 B. C. when the Abacus was invented in Babylonia, then popularized in China, the Abacus is an ancient computing device constructed of sliding beads on small wooden rods, strung on a wooden frame. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Computer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on History of Computer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on History of Computer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer You could call the Abacus as the first Calculator. THE MECHANICAL AGE: 1450 – 1840 1. The first Information Explosion. Johann Gutenberg ( Mainz, Germany; c. 1387-1468) Invented the movable metal-type printing process in 1450. 2. The first general purpose â€Å"computers† People are the one who held the job title â€Å"computer†: One who works with numbers. 1614 John Napier introduces logarithms, he invents logs. Logs allow multiplication and division to be reduced to addition and subtraction. 1617 John Napier employing an ancient numerical scheme known as the Arabian lattice, lays out special version of the multiplication tables on a set of four-sided wooden rods, allowing users to multiply and divide large numbers and find square and cube roots. 1623 Wilhelm Shickard, a professor at the University of Tubingen, Germany who invented the first mechanical calculator that can work with six digits and carries digits across columns. 1625 William Oughtred (1575-1660) invented the slide rule. 1642 Blaise Pascal invented a mechanical calculation machine and he called it as Pascaline. The Pascaline can solve mathematical problems like addition and subtraction. 1671 Gottfried Leibniz, a German mathematician who invented a machine called Stepped Reckoner that could multiply 5 digit and 12 digit number yielding up to 16 digit number. 1801 Joseph-Marie Jacquard developed an automatic loom that was controlled by punched cards. 1820 Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar a French who developed the Arithmometer, This device performed the same type of computations as Leibniz’s Stepped Reckoner, but was more reliable. 1821 Charles Babbage invented the first, modern Computer Design: a steam powered adding machine called the â€Å"Difference engine. † Babbage understood that long math problems were just repetitive operations. Therefore, Babbage made a machine to automatically solve math problems. 1832 Babbage also invented the â€Å"Analytical Engine. † A mechanical adding machine that took information from punch cards to solve and print complex mathematical operations. 1842 The first program was written by Ada Augusta Lovelace for Babbage’s Difference Engine. Thus Ada Lovelace is credited with being the first computer programmer. The programming language Ada is named in her honor. THE ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE: 1840 – 1940 1. The beginning of Telecommunication. Voltaic battery The first electric battery, known as the voltaic pile, was invented in 1800 by Alessandro Volta. Telegraph Samuel F. B. Morse conceived of his version of an electromagnetic telegraph in 1832 and constructed an experimental version in 1853. Telephone and Radio 1876 Alexander Graham Bell developed the first working telephone and transmitted his now famous quotations â€Å"Watson, come here, I want you. † 1894 Guglielmo Marconi discovered that electrical waves travel through space and can produce an effect far from the point at which they originated. 1852 George Boole develops binary algebra. This became known as Boolean algebra and became important in the 20th century when binary computers were developed. 2. Electromechanical Computing 1853 Pehr and Edvard Scheutz complete their Tabulating Machine, capable of processing fifteen-digit numbers, printing out results, and rounding off to eight digits. 1885 Dorr Felt devices the Comptometer, a key driven adding and subtracting calculator. 889 Felt’s Comptograph, containing a built-in printer, is introduced. 1890 The first person to successfully use punched cards—specifically for census taking—was Herman Hollerith. By the 19th century, the number of people in the United States was so large, it took seven years to count them all. 1893 Otto Shweiger, a Swiss engineer, invented the first efficient four function calculator call ed the Millionaire. 1906 Lee De Forest invented the Vacuum tube. This was important because it provided an electrically controlled switch; a necessity for digital electronics computer. History of the computer electronic age Presentation Transcript HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER THE ELECTRONIC AGE 1941-PRESENT 1941: KONRAD ZUSE Built the first programmable computer called the Z3, capable of following instructions . Z3- was the first fully functional, PROGRAM CONTROLLED computer of the world. Z1 Z3` 1942-Howard Hattaway Aiken A student of Harvard University built the Mark I â€Å" The First Stored-Program Computer. ASCC Harvard Mark 1 is 8 feet tall, 51 feet long, 2 feet thick, weighed 5 tons, used about 750,000 parts, 500 miles of wires, 3-5 seconds per calculation. A- Automatic S-Sequence C-Controlled C-Calculator 1942: John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry Completed the first all-electronic computer, called the ABC Computer, it was the first computer to use electricity in the form of vacuum tubes to help make electric computation possible. This is used for solving complex system of equations. ATANASOFF BERRY THE FOUR GENERATIONS OF DIGITAL COMPUTING THE FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS: 1951-1958 VACCUM TUBES AS THEIR MAIN LOGIC ELEMENTS. PUNCH CARDS TO INPUT and EXTENALLY STORE DATA. ROTATING MAGNETIC DRUMS FOR INTERNAL STORAGE OF DATA PROGRAMS. First generation computer had vacuum tubes, resistors, and welded metal joints. They were large, slow, expensive, and produced a lot of heat. Often broke down because of burned-out vacuum tubes. Also needed many experts to operate them. When running these computer, people stood by shopping carts full of replacement of vacuum tubes. 1945: PRESPER EKERT and JOHN MAUCHLY Developed the first operational electronic digital computer, called ENIAC, for the US Army. It is over 1000 times faster than Mark I, and could perform 5,000 additions per second. E- Electronic N-Numerical I-Integrator A-and C-Calculator ENIAC had more than 18,000 vacuum tubes, and took up 1,800 square feet of space. In addition, the electrical current of ENIAC required could power more than a thousand modern computers. Today ENIAC’s technology could fit in a modern wristwatch. ECKERT and MAUCHLY 1951: UNIVAC This computer was also designed by Eckert and Mauchly , became the first commercially available electronic computer. One of this version the UNIVAC 5 was used to predict result of the 1952 US presidential election. It is used for business transactions and operations. UNIVAC is 5 feet tall, 50 feet in length. Consist of 5,600 vacuum tubes and 18,000 crystal diodes. An internal storage of 1000 words or 12,000 characters. UNIV ersal A utomatic C alculator 1951-1953: MAGNETIC CORE MEMORY This was the fastest type of memory until the late 1980’s. 1953: IBM 701 Known as the â€Å"DEFENSE CALCULATOR. IBM’s first commercial or business scientific calculator.

6 Gift Ideas for Teachers

6 Gift Ideas for Teachers Schools have different policies about teacher gifts. In some schools, the parents association collects money and buys each teacher a gift, while in other schools, parents can give what they wish to teachers, administrators or to other staff. Some schools provide guidelines for parents to follow, while others leave this completely up to the students and their families. While there are urban legends (some of them true) about parents providing teachers with lavish presents and, more commonly, providing  college guidance officers with expensive gifts throughout the year, it is generally more suitable for parents to buy teachers gifts either during the winter holidays, during National Teacher Appreciation Week (which takes place in early May)  or at the end of the school year. While some families pride themselves on finding the perfect gift that suits a teachers personality, others opt for homemade gifts or treats, while others look for gifts that help the teachers in the classroom. Looking for some inspiration? Check out these teacher gift ideas:   Gift Cards If youre not sure what your teacher needs or wants as a gift, opt for a gift card. General gift cards to places like Amazon.com or Barnes Noble can be perfect. If you know your teachers favorite coffee shop, grab a gift card to his or her favorite shop. Dont fret over the amount, either, its the thought that counts. Books and Materials for the Classroom While many private schools are fortunate enough to have well-stocked libraries, teachers often compile lists of the books, DVDs, programs, or technology that they need in their classrooms that go above and beyond the annual budget. It may be a good idea to start with your schools librarian when looking to buy a teacher a gift, as the librarian may keep a list of what the teacher needs, including not only titles that relate to the teachers curriculum but also magazine subscriptions or DVDs that can support their teaching; you can also give gifts to the library to thank the deserving librarians. A technology teacher can let you know if your childs teacher or the tech department have specific requests for their classrooms. Well-Loved Books You can never go wrong with an extra hard-copy edition of an inspirational book or one that the teacher uses in the classroom. If you are looking for titles, you can start with the ten most commonly read books in private high schools, which often appear on school reading lists.   Movies About Teachers and Schools There are a number of movies about private schools that make good teacher gifts, including The Dead Poets Society (1989), The Emperors Club (2002), and the classic Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939). Another great film about an English prep school is The History Boys (2006), based on a play by Alan Bennett. Its about a group of bright, outspoken boys at a provincial British high school who are coached to pass the written exams to get into Cambridge and Oxford by a set of eccentric faculty members. Though the movie takes place in Britain, the students and classroom discussions are similar to those at American private schools. Dessert and a Card Keep in mind that a cookie and a note go a long way. The best gifts I ever received as a teacher were thoughtful notes written by my students and their parents. I keep every single one of them, as do many of the teachers and faculty I know. One administrator I met even tacked every single thank-you note he had ever received to his bulletin board. He would look at these thoughtful notes on bad days. These notes are wonderful pick-me-ups and reminders to teachers why they do the hard work that they do all year. You can accompany the note with a coffee mug customized to the teachers interests (for example, featuring a writer or a mathematician), or you can use this baking website to make some cookies to go along with the note; nothing will be sweeter. Make a Donation to the School's Annual Fund This can be a great way for a family to show their appreciation for a teacher while benefitting the schools annual fund. Make a donation of any amount that you are able to make, and you can designate the gift to be in honor of one or more teachers. The development office will usually send a note to the teachers letting them know that a gift was made in their honor, but you can also send a note stating that youve done this simple act. Your gift to the Annual Fund will be put towards the general budget which benefits all aspects of the school, enhancing the experience for your child and his or her teachers.

Divrsity and social justice course. topic is, what is the evidance of Essay

Divrsity and social justice course. topic is, what is the evidance of idiology (point of view).what do they want you to believe - Essay Example Additionally, it also acts as a group of ideas of many people or society regarding something. In diversity and social justice, both evidence and ideology are essential. This is because evidence shows proof of an action and ideology shows the beliefs behind the action. Each society holds some beliefs and folklore; hence, when seeking justice in the society there has to be an analysis for the myths of each society (Macleod & Hickman 1329). The diversity of the societies makes the processes hard; hence, need to have the incorporation of evidence into ideology. Evidence has to be present for social justice to succeed because it acts as a proof of an action by somebody. For example, when presenting cases for justice, there has to be fairness in the ruling so that, there is consideration of both the evidence and ideology (Macleod & Hickman 1330). I believe in evidence more than in ideology. This is because ideas vary across persons in one society to the next. Evidence does not differ because it is the clear proof of something or actions by somebody. There is always an idea behind an action, whether agreeable or not to justify it; but evidence proves clearly that an action is wrong or right. It is easy to ensure justice in a society by looking at the evidence before ideology (Macleod & Hickman

Physical Chemistry Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Physical Chemistry - Lab Report Example Technically, incorporation of lead into the brass increases the mechanical properties the alloy. On the other hand, substantial concentration of copper imparts germicidal and antimicrobial properties into the brass alloyi. In laboratory settings, methods used to quantitatively determine the amounts of heavy elements in alloys include Gravimetric analysis, Anodic Stripping Voltammetry, and Atomic Absorbance Spectroscopy among others. Each of these quantitative determination methods possesses particular advantages, setbacks, and accuracy and precision levels. In the experiment, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used to measure the amounts of lead and copper in brass. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy is a versatile quantitative technique capable of analyzing presence of over 70 elements. Technically, this technique functions by exploiting the atomization properties in form of electronic transition of elements’ atoms in gaseous phases. After atomization, light absorption level of atoms is detected and Beer’s law of absorbance vs. concentration is used to determine the quantity of analytes in the atomized samples. Besides Atomic Absorbance Spectroscopy, the experiment employed Gravimetric analysis in the determination of lead in brass. Despite being one of the oldest methods in quantitative analysis, the gravimetric technique remains accurate and precise when used for determination of metals with insoluble salts like lead. Finally, the experiment employed Anodic Stripping Voltammetry in determination of copper. Anodic Stripping Voltammetry relies on the electric conductivity of analytes, and is specifically suited for quantitative analysis of minute traces of heavy metalsii. Subsequent sections of this lab report contain procedural steps, results and discussions pertaining to application of the three aforementioned quantitative determination techniques. Based on theoretical procedures provided, stock solutions of unknown brass,

Why did the Communists win the civil war with the Nationalists Research Paper

Why did the Communists win the civil war with the Nationalists - Research Paper Example In the case of Chinese Civil War of 1946-1949 the defeat of Nationalists, despite their military superiority, is an example of the particular phenomenon. At a first level, it should be noted that the Civil War of China had not last only for three years, i.e. from 1946 to 1949; this was the final period of the conflict between the country’s Nationalist party and the Communist party (Hutchings 83). The two parties had been already in conflict from 1927 to 1937, i.e. for about 10 years (Hutchings 83). The war between these parties stopped because of ‘the invasion of Japan’ (Hutchings 83); then, the parties had to join their forces for facing the Japanese. After the end of the war with Japanese, World War II further delayed the continuation of the war between Nationalists and Communists in China (Hutchings 83). In order to check the validity of this paper’s thesis it is necessary to refer primarily to the characteristics of Chinese society. By studying the social environment of the particular war it would be easier to identify the exact reasons that led to the, unexpected, victory of Communists. Indeed, being aware of the challenges that people of different social classes in China had to face in the period under examination it would be easier to understand the response of these people to the War, meaning especially the involvement of people of each of these classes in the military conflict against Communists and Nationalists: the landlord class is influenced by the lifestyle of ‘international bourgeoisie’ (Tse-tung par.3). Another part of the population belongs to the middle bourgeoisie; this is the class of the people who have the control of the production, as based on the rules of capitalism (Tse-tung par.4). There are also those who can be characterized as part of th e petty bourgeoisie; these are the people who have certain benefits from the capitalist production and who are able to

Mr. Palomar and When My Brother Was An Aztec Analysis

Mr. Palomar and When My Brother Was An Aztec Analysis When My Brother Was an Aztec is Natalie Diazs first accumulation of poems. The book is separated into three parts. The first section of the book is committed to catching cultural depictions of Native Americans and their communities, the second segment is about the drug addicted brother, and the third on the pity and agony that goes with reservation life. On the other hand, Italo Calvinos Mr. Palomar is a novel that comprises a series of short chapters, each in sets of three, which explores Mr. Palomars universe. The text is broken into three individual sections. They are Palomars Vacation, Palomar In the City and The Silences of Palomar. This novel presents the story of a man who cannot move past his self-made boundaries. It depends on things that our principle character, the middle-aged Mr. Palomar, sees and ponders. This paper will examine the way both the author Natalie Diaz and Italo Calvino uses the scene and overall importance of the scene in text. Also, it will scrutinize simi lar or different approaches taken by the authors to scene and how do these approaches impact the result. Poems in the first section of Diaz most specifically address Native American experience and the first section of Mr. Palomar addresses visual experiences. The first section of the book is committed to catching social previews of Native Americans and their groups. There are some poems that juxtapose glimpses of those communities against standard culture, as with Cloud Watching and If Eve Side-Stealer and Mary Busted-Chest Ruled the World, these and others make a study of the devastated conditions that numerous Native Americans are compelled to live in and around reservations. The outright highlight of the section is The Last Mojave Indian Barbie. The gently hidden scrutinize of standard cultures misleading position toward Native Americans is made entertaining in light of the fact that it is wrapped in the transparent appearance of the tremendously censured doll Barbie. The piece is flippant and shocking, which makes the demonstrations of the youngsters toys all more amusing. On the ot her hand, the reader is acquainted with Mr. Palomar as he endeavors to think about the way of one wave through direct perception. Calvino, in third person, points of interest wonderfully the trouble of doing as such, as the wave itself raises and falls, shifts shapes and dimensions, is converged with different waves, parts from itself and changes, and at last dies along the beach. In Mr. Palomar, Calvino tells us, is trusting that in achieving a reply with regards to the structure of a single waves nature, its development and decimation, he will discover a similarity to the reply with regards to the topic of the piece of the universes nature. He neglects to do as such, is flopped even to diminish his nervousness in endeavoring to do as such, and proceeds onward. The following story being one of endeavoring to accomplish the fitting concordance of detachedness and mindfulness as to a topless sunbather to pass on regard for tradition and regard for her femininity, with the aftereffect of being perceived as a pervert. Poems in the second section of Diaz represents another sort of experience and the second section of Mr. Palomar shows components that are anthropological, or cultural in the expansive sense. The reader finds that the second segment takes a more genuine thoughtfulness and altogether refocuses on the brothers character. His crazy drug addicted behavior is expertly caught in My Bother at 3am.. Using non-particular solid subtle elements, Diaz transports the reader to the scene for observing the Brothers hallucination of the devil, feel the siblings fear, and feel his moms despondency. It is one of the best poems in the collection. The section finishes up with a formal internment of the sibling in No More Cake Here. The poem utilizes sound and imagery to catch the sisters help and blame at being remembered at her brothers death. Toward the end, the reader is made uncertain as the sibling returns and tells the sister/narrator that he is not dead. Now, the reader may assume that the brother is a signifier for the wrongs of a modern culture and that the sister infers present day society unnecessarily depleted and too much occupied, making it difficult to oversee troublesome issues. On the other hand, Palomar in his garden attempting to comprehend a blackbirds whistle and Palomar microscopically looking at the infinity of his lawn; Palomar watching the moon and the planets and the stars (Mr. Palomar Book Review Summary). Palomar getting another point of view on his city from his patio and considering the mass whirling of starlings. Palomar wondering about every one of the assortments of cheeses in a cheese specialists and ending up purchasing a simple cheese bothered as he is called to make his request. Palomar also at the zoo contrasting himself with a giraffe (Mr. Palomar Book Review Summary). The poem of Diaz and the novel of Calvino provides new experiences from different aspects. The reader finds the poems of When My Brother Was an Aztec are expertly made utilizing imagery, sound, and frame to catch their individual subjects in striking conduct. Likewise, the book functions as a whole. It works as a scrutinize of the issues of poverty and drug addictions confronting standard and Native American society. Diaz is completely fruitful with this, her first collection. Diaz tries different things with structure in a large number of her poems to demonstrate how the association of a poem is just as important as its content. When My Brother Was an Aztec takes after a stair-step example to demonstrate that as Diaz and her family take after her brother more distant and further down his dangerous way, there is no real way to return. On the other hand, Mr. Palomar watches and considers questions as various as blackbirds, the sky, a cheddar shop, and the naked bosom of a sunbather. A t least twice, be that as it may, Mr. Palomar finds the tables turned on him, turning into the watched instead of the observer (Mr. Palomar Characters). At the end of the novel, Mr. Palomars absence of authoritative self-knowledge gets to be distinctly prominent, however then, as the creator proposes, a telescope is most likely not the best instrument for seeing oneself. Finally, it can be said that In When My Brother Was an Aztec, Natalie Diaz looks at memorys part in human identity. Every poem is layered with different pictures and feelings exhibiting the tumult that imbues familial connections, especially those clashed by social conflicts and drug addiction. On the other hand, Italo Calvinos Mr. Palomar is a novel, yet in another sense, it is just about a philosophy book, beautiful all things considered as it brags no answers, rather it is basically a series of perceptions and inquiries with respect to them. By this way, both the authors were successful to express what they wanted to say in different form of writings. Works Cited Calvino, Italo. Mr. Palomar. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985. Print. Diaz, Natalie. When My Brother Was an Aztec. Port Townsend, WA: Copper Canyon, 2012.Print. Mr. Palomar Book Review Summary. Detailed Review Summary of Mr. Palomar by Italo Calvino. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2016. Mr. Palomar Characters ENotes.com. Enotes.com. Enotes.com, n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.

Biblical Truths Confirmed by Archaeological Findings Essay -- Religion

Biblical Truths Confirmed by Archaeological Findings Abstract Statement I have chosen a subject that is very important to me. As a Bible major, I believe the Word of God is vital and essential and that it is the only clear direction in life. Personally, I believe by faith the Bible is true from the first word in Genesis to the last word in Revelation. However, there are times when we need physical evidence to confirm our faith proving that the Bible does not just contain interesting stories, but is based rather on historical fact. I have always been interested in archaeological findings seeing the amazing discoveries being made everyday. For instance, through these discoveries we now have confirmed evidence of the Kingdom of David, the reign of King Herod, the affirmation of biblical text shown through the Dead Sea Scrolls, and much more! In my research, I would like to examine archaeological findings that confirm the biblical accounts. The information has changed my spiritual life and I am sure it will do the same for you. Introduction I am fascinated with the information I have learned through my research and college studies concerning Archaeology. In this paper I will endeavor to relate my personal interest in the subject matter, discuss a few of my favorite archaeological finds, and then conclude with King Herod’s most cherished creation – Caesarea Maritima. This has not only proven to be a marvelous creation, but an even better archaeological find! http://www.bibarch.com. National Standards I believe there are several standards that are closely aligned with biblical archaeology. The three standards I feel are most important are under the Places and Regions element. This includes Knows ... ...ill find! For me this research proved to be an essential area for my studies and Christian life. I have found it to be a source of strength, assurance, and stronger faith towards knowing that the Word of God can be respected and trusted. Thank God. Works Cited International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, Electronic Database copyright 1996 by Biblesoft Biblical Archaeology, www.bible-infonet.org/bin/short/articles/Apologetics/Archaeology.html Tzaferis, Vassilios, Biblical Archaeology Review, January/February 1985, p. 44-53 International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, Electronic Database, copyright 1996 by Biblesoft Biblical Archaeology Review, May/June 1982, p. 26-41 Almighty God, The Bible The Best of Josh McDowell, A Ready Defense, Here’s Life Publishers, October 1990, p. 92 Frank, Harry Thomas. Atlas of the Bible Lands, Hammond Inc., 1990

Msc Reflective Essay Life Long Learning

Promoting Lifelong Learning By Anderson Pustam Promoting Lifelong Learning Introduction Promoting lifelong learning is a very professional term. It really promotes the real meaning of the learning and it also inculcates one most important thing in a learner’s mind that learning is not restricted to the classroom or college. We can learn any time through any means. It can be our professional experience or within voluntary service as well. In my case I have learnt different things during my work within my community team. One of the most important things that I learnt from there was learning through the professional environment and the development of the staff and students. Every social and health care organization continue to rely on various forms of effective management and leadership techniques—such as continuous learning, staff development, task forces, autonomous work groups, quality circles, and multifunctional leadership—to perform critical functions, lifelong learning is increasingly being referred to as the cornerstone of modern health organisation. In my personal opinion the critical role that learning plays in organizations, more attention has been directed toward staff performance effectiveness (Binnie & Titchen 1995, P: 327-334). Personal learning experience Learning from the professional environment is far different from the class room and educational experience. In the case of professional learning we learn skills through direct practical approaches. We can also face real life examples to answer all the complexities and difficulties (Atkins & Murphy 1993, P: 1188-1192). My work within specialist mental health learning disability team really added new edge in my personality it guided me how to work with people, manage their difficulties and how to resolve conflicts. Learning is a never ending process, professional learning provides open platform to keep our mind sharp and help us to make the most out of the service resources. It also improved my competency as a nurse, gave me enough confidence to face challenging situations. It is really a bonanza of earning and it also provided me with feelings of accomplishment (BUSH, & MIDDLEWOOD, 2006, P: 396-398). Real learning Health study is a topic that thinks the huge variety of human experience of physical condition, well-being and illness. What I learnt is healthcare work/ research does so from an extensive diversity of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary viewpoints. It significantly examines health and illness dialogue and seeks to examine proof about health, well-being and illness in a broad variety of contexts and perspectives (College of Occupational Therapists 1997). It thinks neighbourhood, nationwide, European and worldwide issues and may evaluate the knowledge of individuals, groups, neighbourhoods, civilizations and nations. It looks for to put in to this proof through investigation action of many dissimilar kinds. Because of this potentially wide range of the topic, person centred programmes will be different in their exacting concerns and stress (COLEMAN, 2002). Difficulties faced within the Practice Within the community setting we continuously faced the complexities of understanding the varieties of team criteria and referral processes. The lack of operational policies, and rooted ways of working within disciplines across services made it difficult for positive change to occur (Boud D, et al. 1985). As a result the effectiveness of the service collaboration and shared learning was stifled. (DAVIES, & ELLISON, 1997, P: 123-125). At times there were signs of fragmentation between the local authority and health services. The lack of understanding of service ethos would highlight deficits particularly around communication. Recommendations Making a Commitment to Partnership Working Success depends not on the sophistication of our collaborative relationships, buildings and services but on the health of the people we serve. At our service, we have rapidly adopted this viewpoint, transforming our entire relationship with the Primary Care Services and Local Authority. Money alone cannot sustain most community-based services. Outcomes also depend on volunteerism. Programs will survive in the long term if they are sustained by the goodness of the human heart and the willingness of people to contribute not only their skills but their time (DUIGMAN, & MACPHERSON, 1992, P: 259-259). The implementation of team managers attending services meeting within the CTPLD services as well as the mental health service to aide communication was acknowledged. It was recommended that all new staff should have a thorough induction and spend time with the individual teams within the wider service to have a in-depth understanding of what each service provides across the service tiers. Evaluation Programs We convened an Operational Management Group that met regularly over the last year. Although we intended to adopt a collaborative leadership style, the task force, my staff and I were all veterans with LD services and we did not easily embrace the experience of collaboration with the other services within learning disability primary care services. The process was new to all and lacked clear aims and objectives. My own lack of patience stands out in my memory (DYER, 1995, P: 189-195). Conclusion After my over all practise and learning the results pinpointed some serious concerns. Social service professionals in particular told us that the less fortunate see the healthcare system as unresponsive, impersonal, and out of reach. Rather than placing importance on the technical quality and breadth of our services, as we might have thought, they expressed an urgent need for specialist services. The community doesn't need any new services, they said; what it needs is access to what already exists. This assessment was troubling but useful; propelling us to shift our process to what the community needs and wants. References Atkins S and Murphy K (1993): Reflection: a review of the literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing 18, 1188-1192. Binnie A and Titchen A (1995): The art of clinical supervision. British Journal of Nursing 4, 327-334. Boud D, Keogh R and Walker D (1985): Reflection: turning experience into learning. Kogan Page, London. Burns S and Bulman C (2000): Reflective practice in nursing. Blackwell Science, Oxford. BUSH, T & MIDDLEWOOD, D. (2006) Leading and Managing People in Education. Sage Publications. P: 396-398 COLEMAN, M. 2002) Researching Educational Leadership and Management. London: Paul Chapman Publishing. College of Occupational Therapists (1997): Statement on supervision in occupational therapy. London: COT. DAVIES, B and ELLISON, L. (1997) School Leadership for the 21st Century. Routledge P: 123-125 DUIGMAN, P. A and MACPHERSON, R. J. S. (EDS) (1992) Educative Leadership: Practicl Theory for Educational Administrators and Managers. Falmer Press. P: 259-259 DYER, W. G. (1 995) Team building: current issues and new alternatives. London: Addison-Wesley. P: 189-195M

Special People Throughout My Life

Special People Throughout My Life Free Online Research Papers Everyone has a neighbor, teacher, store clerk, or even newspaper boy that they forever cherish in memory. There are three specific people that I will always remember: Mr. Bostick(my junior high principal), Sierra Brown(my best friend), and Alex Eleby Sr.(my grandfather). As junior high principal, Mr. Bostick was always the class clown. He looked a lot like Steve Martin. He had completely white hair but dark eyebrows, which we never quite understood. Bostick was a middle-aged man and stood about six feet tall. This was the one principal’s office no one minded being called to, and I do not believe anyone ever saw him upset, angry, or even with his voice raised. When I think back to junior high I can visualize him walking up and down the halls with his hands stuffed in his pockets smiling like Ronald McDonald. He had the heart of a Care Bear, and because of that, never gave students â€Å"pops† or a hard time. Mr. Bostick was a big comedian; he was constantly saying something sarcastic or making wise cracks. At lunchtime beware, because I have never seen this man go get his own lunch. He would distract students with one of his jokes and when they are laughing too hard to watch; he would snatch a couple of fries from their tray. Another way he would sneak your fries away was by tapping you on the shoulder; then, when you turn around he would reach over you just that quick and take a few. He often promised to pay you back, but he never did. Mr. Bostick will forever be in a â€Å"fry debt† and in my memories of Corrigan-Camden Junior High School. While attending Corrigan-Camden Junior High I met my best friend to the end, Sierra Brown. Sierra has always been very ambitious and there for me whether I wanted her to or not. She was the tallest of the class; that is, until all the guys hit their growth spurt. In seventh grade she was five foot eight inches tall with the longest legs I had ever seen. When we joked about her height she would always say, â€Å"I love my height because I’m going to be a model.† Sierra always wanted to be a model, among several other things. A lot of times you could spot her practicing her catwalk. That was one hilarious sigh to see! She was highly intelligent, always on the A honor roll and in the gifted and talented list most of the time-the only black American on either list. She always wanted to be a doctor; specifically an oncologist, if her modeling, acting, or singing career did not work out. Therefore, she put studying and homework before hanging out with friends. Unless, of cou rse, her best friend, me, was going through a teenage crisis and needed her help. Sierra can be described as â€Å"Mother Hen†; she always felt as if she was responsible for me. Sierra to me is so much more than a friend. She is more like a sister. She has been my human diary for almost ten years now. I could always tell her anything and know without a doubt that no one else would ever know with my permission. When my fiancà © asked who was going to be my maid of honor, without hesitation I said, â€Å"Sierra Renà © Brown.† My grandfather, Alex Eleby Sr., (Papa) will not be at my big day. He peacefully passed away August 5, 2006, but will always be remembered and honored in family. When I was younger, around seven or so, my grandpa was the tallest man alive in my eyes. Not only figuratively, I mean literally. He looked as if he could grab a star out of the sky and hand it to me. Alex Eleby Sr. was born July 9, 1917 and lived to see his 89th birthday. He had 21 grandchildren and eight great grandchildren and so much more. He was very healthy for his age. He still drove his old station wagon all around and wasn’t on any kind of medications. I believe it was because he was an outdoorsman and ate extremely healthy and in moderation. He was always seen with his tobacco pipe and old wooden cane. Way back before any of the grand kids could even imagine, he hunted a lot. He had nine shotguns and one pistol that he kept in the car. There was always this high level of respect for my grandfather. He kept h is guns in the house and loaded and it has always been an understood rule to never touch his guns; whether you knew they were loaded or not without even been told. He was a great judge of character. He could talk to a person for 30 minutes and tell you if he was straight or not, and Grandpa was always correct. My grandpa was also the most dependable person you will never meet. One time he picked me up from school and I told him before hand that I got out at four o’ clock and he was outside waiting patiently at three thirty. Also one morning my little brother and I missed the bus and we were crying because we knew we would get in trouble when my mom got home. Then we thought to call papa and he came right on and took us to school and wasn’t angry or even curious about how or why we missed the bus. All 21 grandkids could tell you amazing stories of things we learned from our grandfather; from shooting a gun and fishing to making a bed, but there isn’t enough time or paper in the world. My grandfather was a parent, teacher, and best friend all in one small and package; that is why he will always be loved, respected, remembered, and known for generations to come. Everyone should take time and think to themselves about the important people in his life. Then the next time you see him tell him that he matters and you care about him. I am sure it will brighten his day. 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Free Essays on B.F. Skinner

Is it possible for psychologists to ever understand the human condition well enough to create a utopia by "engineering" human behavior? This is the challenge thrown out by behavioral psychologist, B.F. Skinner in his novel, Walden Two (1948). Well written and entertaining, Walden Two is directed to the layman rather than to the professional psychologist. It concerns a fictitious intentional community of 1,000 started by one Frazier (no first name or title ever mentioned) who applies the tools of behavioral modification to make of Walden Two the best of all possible worlds. Skinner's technique as a propagandist is to show us Walden Two through the eyes of various outsiders who possess varying degrees of skepticism and enthusiasm for the community. The reader can identify with one or another of these visitors depending on his own inclinations. Skinner/Frazier is provocative in his claims, deliberately so, in my opinion, as another technique in breaking down resistance. The more we resist an idea, the more power it draws from our very resistance. He begins with teasers, ideas which have interest and merit on their own but which are fairly trivial and extrinsic to his central thesis. The reader and the skeptical visitors sense he is trying to soften them up and stiffen their backs all the more. A philosophy professor named Castle is the main bearer of resistance. Skinner looks down upon philosophy as a form of navel gazing and Castle is made an easy target. More serious reservations come from the narrator, a psychology professor named Burris. However, Burr is also serves as a voice for Skinner and much conversation between him and Frazier is like an internal dialogue within Skinner, himself. The party is completed by two young men and their girlfriends. The guys and one of the girls are the enthusiasts of the group while the other girl resists by avoidance. She never engages any of Frazier's ideas and remains untouched by them throughout t... Free Essays on B.F. Skinner Free Essays on B.F. Skinner Is it possible for psychologists to ever understand the human condition well enough to create a utopia by "engineering" human behavior? This is the challenge thrown out by behavioral psychologist, B.F. Skinner in his novel, Walden Two (1948). Well written and entertaining, Walden Two is directed to the layman rather than to the professional psychologist. It concerns a fictitious intentional community of 1,000 started by one Frazier (no first name or title ever mentioned) who applies the tools of behavioral modification to make of Walden Two the best of all possible worlds. Skinner's technique as a propagandist is to show us Walden Two through the eyes of various outsiders who possess varying degrees of skepticism and enthusiasm for the community. The reader can identify with one or another of these visitors depending on his own inclinations. Skinner/Frazier is provocative in his claims, deliberately so, in my opinion, as another technique in breaking down resistance. The more we resist an idea, the more power it draws from our very resistance. He begins with teasers, ideas which have interest and merit on their own but which are fairly trivial and extrinsic to his central thesis. The reader and the skeptical visitors sense he is trying to soften them up and stiffen their backs all the more. A philosophy professor named Castle is the main bearer of resistance. Skinner looks down upon philosophy as a form of navel gazing and Castle is made an easy target. More serious reservations come from the narrator, a psychology professor named Burris. However, Burr is also serves as a voice for Skinner and much conversation between him and Frazier is like an internal dialogue within Skinner, himself. The party is completed by two young men and their girlfriends. The guys and one of the girls are the enthusiasts of the group while the other girl resists by avoidance. She never engages any of Frazier's ideas and remains untouched by them throughout t...

Critical Review of an Environmental Hazard Term Paper

Critical Review of an Environmental Hazard - Term Paper Example The earth crust mainly consists of two layers; the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. These are two distinct layers in density and composition and cause instability beneath the earth surface. The earth crust comprises of various igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks forming tectonic plates. (Cain 2009) The plates found on top of the mantle which is the second layer of the earth, and it is believed that convection of rocks at this region causes sliding of plates. Under the oceans, we have the oceanic crust, a sheet different from the continental crust which is thinner unlike the continental one. Tsunami is a Japanese word meaning â€Å"harbor wave’ and is the vertical displacement of oceanic water triggered by other environmental hazards like earthquakes. (Cocke. et al 2007) Water gushes from the oceans at high velocity extending towards the continental crust and causes havoc. This paper aims at illustrating the environmental hazard tsunami, its consequences and how the w orld has reacted towards the management of its effects. The natural hazard tsunami will be expounded geologically, and its trigger action discussed at length. Also, case studies on the tsunami will be identified and analyzed for probable information that help in enlightening individuals on various measures to solve the menace brought about by this immense natural catastrophe. Tsunami is triggered by earthquakes that cause uplift r subsidence of the ocean floor, underwater landslides, volcano flank collapse or explosions of under water machines like submarines. DISCUSSION Case studies On critical analysis of the case study by Shi & Smith on the topic: "Coastal Tsunami Geo-Morphological Impacts and Sedimentation Process: Case Studies of Modern Prehistoric Events.† Coastal flooding risk study interests the engineers, planners and politicians alike. Tsunami categorically represents a radical, serious form of coastal flooding risk. Asian countries like Japan and China are strongly associated with this phenomenon. This has been on gradual increase among the researchers describing a sequence of waves that pass through the ocean with outstandingly extended wavelengths. This occurs along a series of thousand of miles along the ocean and on approaching the coastline, the speed of the wave’s decreases due to deformation by shallower water depths. As the process of deformation occurs, the waves increase in height significantly and on reaching the coastline causes massive flooding in the low lying coastal area. This leads to destruction of property and natural phenomenon. Tsunamis are not tidal waves and are not related to changes in weather but rather the instability in the earth’s crust. (Shi & Smith 2003) This case study illustrates various occurrences of tsunamis like the Flores tsunami which was generated by 1992 Indonesian earthquake, the 1998 Papa new Guinea tsunami and the Holocene Stroregga Tsunami caused by a catastrophic sub-marine landslide of Storegga, Norway at circa. The occurrence of Tsunamis is associated with catastrophic flooding leading to widespread destruction of property, infrastructure and industrial installations and loss of life. It is not widely understood of the occurrence of these catastrophic happenings; these case studies only illustrate the extent of flooding, and the geo-morphological impact variance along the coastal line. It is imperative that estimating the impact

Primary Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Primary Nursing - Essay Example In the past, it would be workable to have health experts, for example, doctors admit patients to health institutions as a favor to the families of the patient (Manthey, 2002). In addition, it would be less complicated to find people with little or no nursing qualification leading the nursing field in a health institution. Ever since 1960, this situation has dramatically revolutionized since that period. The level of education is augmenting, the workforce is increasing in diversity, and the nursing profession is rising progressively. During the 1960 period, influential nurses, for example, Marie Manthey comprehended that the care nurses offered in health institutions needed to be concentrate on family and patient centered model instead of focusing on a task oriented approach (Boltz, 2011). Moreover, Marie Manthey also proposed that this model required being the foremost strategy for providing nursing care because it supported relationship establishment with families and patients that could promote better and extra specialized care strategies in addition to favorable care results (Manthey, 2002). This paper will look at Primary nursing today in comparison to 1960. The paper will evaluate literature regarding this subject, its influence to nursing leadership, and a number of recommendations. The advancement toward primary nursing a strategy of health care service delivery was initiated in the 60s and has been progressing since that period. In addition, this advancement has been recapped in a number of documents created during this time. The concept of primary nursing was largely urged on by a deficiency of medical practitioners. The foremost documented training for nurse professionals was established by a nurse, Loretta Ford, and a physician, Henry Silver, in 1965, with an aim of rectifying the ineffective distribution of heath resources, stabilizing health care costs, and enhancing the number of health care givers. Also, there was a degree of mystification about the different abilities and titles of nurses as the profession was established (Weber & Kelley, 2009). This has continued as the responsibilities and authority of the nursing practitioners have changed over time. In the 1960’s, there was a personal connection between patients and nurses that many old practitioners miss in the present nursing practice. Literature Review Friedberg, Hussey, and Schneider analyzed the hints of explaining primary care in their assessment of the proof with regard to its effectiveness (Friedberg, Hussey, & Schneider, 2010). They concentrated on a number of general explanations of primary care. In the foremost explanation, primary care was explained as a specialty and those offering it, for example, family physician, general internists, general pediatricians, and other generalists, were specialists (Friedberg, Hussey, & Schneider, 2010). A second explanation specified a number of health care activities; care coordination care for a large number of pr oviders, first-contact care for new health issues, long-term person-centered care, and comprehensive care for a big number of health problems, all given at a standard source of care (Friedberg, Hussey, & Schneider, 2010). The third explanation described primary care with regard to the course of the health system. The authors