Advanced Construction Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Advanced Construction Law - Essay Example The main aspect that needs to be understood is that an LOI is not a contract; at best it is an offer that needs to be confirmed or negated by the other party. However, a particular contractor by dint of some merit has been chosen over others. â€Å" It applies also where the sub-contractor has been chosen for his specialist trade. – â€Å"British Waggon Co.-v-Lea (1880)† 2 (Footnote: In this case it was held that delegation of contractual duties is possible except when individual’s skill, competencies and other resources are not considered while effecting the delegation.) This was again confirmed in the case of â€Å"Southway Group Ltd-v-Wolff and Wolff (1991)† 3 (footnote: Novation is another means by which contractual obligations can be "transferred" from one person to another) That being said, it is also necessary to state that in construction business, the main documents are the floatation of tender. As per accepted protocol, the contractor or owner floats tenders which are quoted by different parties, these tenders are examined and the final bid is finalized. â€Å"The form and content of LOIs are as varied as the circumstances in which they may be issued.No doubt it is this variety that led Robert Goff J in British Steel Corp v Cleveland Bridge and Engineering Co Ltd (1984) to observe that there is "no hard and fast answer to the question whether a letter of intent will give rise to a binding agreement: everything must depend on the circumstances of the particular case." 4 Sometimes there is an oral promise by one party to do something and for another to remunerate him on his doing it. â€Å" The latter transaction is really no more than a standing offer which, if acted upon before it lapses or is lawfully withdrawn, will result in a binding contract.† 5 However, in this case, although the parties wished and hoped for the contract to be finalized, it did

Relationship Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Relationship Analysis Paper - Essay Example My partner has that kind of nature in which, a person can cause damage itself without acknowledging the other or for the sake of others goodwill. My path crossed with my partner at college. We were classmate and members of the same group. Before development of our relationship, we became very good friends, then best friends, more intense than friends and eventually we realized the love conquering between us on daily basis. We’ve known each other since seven years. Somehow, we are still together but distant and lost due to some dilemmas & pushed duties intending to keep us apart. My partner has moved abroad 3 years ago, the contact between us has become very formal (hi, hello, how are you doing then a full stop to our conservation) from 5 months. We happen to talk twice/thrice in a month now. The status of our relationship is very serious & it has been very serious from the day we walked closer to each other. Living without one another can cause us both a nightmare, a life to b e lived without the heart & its beats. A stage where the partners thought themselves to last forever, but they fall apart with some regrets, disappointments & anger. Partners focus varies to each other’s flaws, & you struggle to change one back to the previous one you’ve lost. There are 2 ways: It is a stage where you decide to fix the relationship with your own or get the professional help. By fixing own your own, you accept each other’s differences, learn that pushing things won’t help, giving up your dreams while surrendering to life. My relationship best fit in this stage, as because the minimum amount of conversations & unclear matters has caused us both an emotional damage. It’s like, there’s a need of reset button to be pushed. The extent of disappointments is too high, which has put pause button to individual grief. We still choose to survive, driving with the understanding of sacrifice, compromise and providing

Different Societal Institutions Such as the Family, Government and Religion Essay Example for Free

Different Societal Institutions Such as the Family, Government and Religion Essay Different societal institutions such as the family, government and religion, have been seen to have an impact on marriage. The government plays a role in marriage and mate selection when divorce raises issues. Not only does the government play a role in marriage and mate selection, religion also raises conflict for married couples, such as where and how a couple may get married, and if the religion supports the legal issue of divorce. Lastly, family plays a important role in marriage and mate selection through the way their children are raised since people tend to marry people who share similar beliefs and values. The societal institution such as the government, have been seen to have an impact on marriage such as divorce and cohabitation when legal rights come into force. When a divorce happens between couples, the legal issues will give you rights to things such as child support-if you have children, property division and spousal support. Both parents are forced into supporting their family financially in the legal rights called child support. If you and the other parent do not live together, you must split the costs of caring for your child. In most cases, child support is paid until the child can be dependent until the age of 18. However, if the child choses to get married or leave home under the age of 18, they are no longer considered dependent. Now you must be wondering how much child support will cost an individual. The costs may vary depending on the province you are currently living in. This is called the Child Support Guidelines. Many factors are involved in deciding how much child support is paid such as gross income, and how many dependent children the parent with physical custody is supporting. Furthermore, when you apply for child support, the court is entitled to know information about both spouses’ finances. This is known as financial disclosure. Did you know that in Ontario you must be at least 18 years old to get married? Since that in Canada it is a law that you cannot marry another person if you are already married, also known as polygamy, divorce becomes a legal issue. The Divorce Act and the process of getting a divorce remains the same all over Canada. First, you or your spouse must apply for a divorce in court. When you are applying for a divorce, you must be able to demonstrate that the marriage has broken-down. The most common situations that the court sees is that you and your spouse have been separated for at least a year by living in separate housing, if you or your partner committed infidelity, or if the marriage is abusive that it is no longer safe to live with each other. Functionalist might say that divorce is dysfunctional in society since it goes against the norm in marriage where it states that two people are united until â€Å"death do you part†. The societal institution such as religion, have been seen to have an impact on marriage such as same sex marriages and the ceremonies people have when they get married. There are many types of marriages that you can have as we witnessed in the film, Get Him to the Greek, where the family wanted a religious ceremony performed by a religious organization listed in the Marriage Act. In contrast, some couples prefer a civil ceremony that is performed by a judge, justice of the peace, city clerk or someone else who is licenced to perform marriages. Divorce also brings religious barriers to remarriage. Some religions do not believe in divorce and say that you cannot get remarried in a religious ceremony. Furthermore, religion can have a barrier on same-sex marriage. Some religions consider same-sex marriages to be abnormal, so it can be tough for the family to accept that their son or daughter is gay or lesbian. Family acceptance is important to the individual’s self, and if the individual’s family does not accept a part of who they are, they might feel disowned and a loss of self-worth, which leads to conflict in the relationship. Family plays a role in marriage and mate selection through the way they raise their children for the reason that people tend to marry people who share similar beliefs and values. Martin Whytes study of dating and marriage mentions that marital success can be determined. He mentions in his study that the dating experience was not a predictor of success, enduring married couples had several characteristics in common, which are having similar values, enjoying similar leisure time activities, pooling their incomes, sharing in power and decision making in their relationship, having friends in common and having an active social life together. Whyte, 2001) Family has an impact on people’s beliefs and values, how they spend their leisure time, and their social life. System theorists agree that families have an impact on marriage and mate selection of their children because the system theory can help explain issues seen in an individual such as social issues by looking at how they were raised. Different societal institutions present may challenges for married couples. Many factors from divorce amongst all the legal issues associated with it, to religion beliefs, of when and how a couple gets married and the family acceptance of same-sex marriages. Last of all, factors of exactly how an individual is raised by their family plays a significant role in marriage and mate selection and Martin Whyte explains. All three of the different societal institutions play a significant role in determining the success of the couple’s relationship.

Recommendations to Furniture Works on creating a global structure

Recommendations to Furniture Works on creating a global structure Multinational Companies A Multinational Company is defined as an enterprise which is operating in several countries but managed from one home country  [1]  . They have their headquarters in one country but operate on different countries known as host country. Numerous examples of these organizations are Ford, General Motors, Dell, Microsoft, Google, Siemens etc. There are obvious benefits for companies to expand their business to other countries. Few of them are cost advantages such as cheap labor, reduce transport and distribution cost, constant supplies of raw materials, and avoid any trade barriers  [2]  . Companies which do business overseas face many challenges. Cultural challenge is one among them. As we have seen from experience companies which tend to do more research and spend time and effort to study and understand the cultural differences is more successful than the companies which dont do their homework. Let us take an example where Mr. X wants to expand his Pizza business from United States to India. The cultural difference between India and U.S is a huge obstacle which needs to be studied by Hofstede cultural dimensional model. Cost structures, eating habits, trade barriers are few important variables which needs to be studied before setting up an franchise. One must try to differentiate what are the major differences between U.S and Indian culture? How these differences are going to affect the business? What are the measures need to be taken to avoid these risks? What kind of work ethic do Indian employees follow? Is it different from U.S? In U.S they follow very competitive work ethic which means profitability comes first. Mr. X shouldnt expect the same level of work ethic from Indian employees. He needs to be patient for the business to grow and yield profits. Next he must work on his brand. In U.S branding and creating a image to a company makes many loyal customers which he needs to work on with the new Indian market which will take time and effort and he should choose his advertisement carefully for Indian culture. Also Indians prefer traditional food so Mr. X should work on how he can market his fast food into the market  [3]  . The CEO, Furniture Works, South London. U.K REPORT ON RECOMMENDATION AND REFLECTIONS FOR FURNITURE WORKS TO EXPAND ITS PRODUCTION ABROAD GLOBALY: This report is for Furniture Works, South London, which is proposed to start Internet Sales. The company plans to establish its production function abroad. Initially it is working and conducting business in UK locally but there are future prospects for global expansion plans. As a Management consultant, my functions involve examining and analyzing alternative organizational and communication system the main idea behind this move is to develop a Virtual ORGANIZATION. With reference to the above all discussion and my evaluation here are my recommendation for effective Global structure for Furniture Works. Licensing- My first recommendation in phase of establishing business across the world for furniture works must get Revocable written formal or implied agreement by an authority or proprietor from the host country according to their Law. Joint Venture- My second recommendation for Furniture Works is to establish a Joint Venture with the local firms in the host country through this Furniture Works can formed to achieve its objectives of a partnership like temporary and permanent arrangement between two or more firms for its business success. Consortia-My Third recommendation for Furniture Works is Consortia its a Japans Term which means Cross ownership Agreement between Firms. For firms such as Furniture Works who want to expand their business internationally, it is inevitable for them to face the cultural challenge. Further I recommend following Business Strategies for Furniture Works: Globalization Strategy- organization like furniture Works should go through the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation, and trade. Multi domestic Strategy- Another powerful strategy for Multinational Company like Furniture work is multi domestic Strategy. This means production of business within local community. Production, supply, Research and development and marketing are established nationally where business is done. After the business is moulded and developed locally innovation comes into picture which means there is decentralization which being outsourced locally  [4]  . Global Challenges- till now the Furniture Work is managing its business in U.K. for going to start business and getting expansion as Virtual Organization the Furniture Works should be ready to face Global Challenges like: Complexity and differentiation with different cultures and nations. For making better business environment sometimes big organization have to be ready for integration with local organization at host country. While establishing business links with different countries the Furniture Works should transfer its knowledge to local employees at host country. Finally I am recommending to the Management of Furniture Works how to Coordinate with its new companies worldwide. Global Teams- Furniture Works have to depend on teams working at international boundaries for the improvement of the business. In Multinational organizations such teams at the board level, product-development, and multi-cultural teams from various functions responsible for the global alignment of functional business processes. Headquarters Planning- Being an International Company the Furniture Works Headquarters must be in London, Which is its homeland country. Expanded Coordination Roles- Furniture Works should creating a supportive and enabling environment for the implementation its products selling in all those companies around the world. Bureaucratic Organization- Very large organizations which are well structured and well defined may be termed as bureaucratic organization. The main elements of such as organization is standard use of protocols and procedure to perform a particular task and high degree of control to make sure any particular task is performed to the standards  [5]  . There are two types of bureaucratic organization which are as follows, Standard bureaucracy : These type of company normally do standard routine work where large technical staffs led by mid level managers led by senior management. Professional bureaucracy: This type of company also does standard work but relies on efficient performance and complex in nature where the company hierarchy has only few mid-level managers. Flat Organization: Flat organization tends to have few level of hierarchy which means chain of control is short. This makes high level of employee involvement in decision making which increases team morale and spirit. This structure can be successful only in small organization. Boundary less Organization: This type of organization is of contemporary approach as they cant be defined or limited to or draws lines or boundary which is why the name boundary less organization came. Flexible and unstructured approach seems to be successful and many companies have started this approach after Jack Welch of GE coined this term.

Steganography :: Essays Papers

Steganography Introduction to Steganography Codes have been around for centuries ranging from wax, invisible ink, Morse code, the Enigma used by the Germans during World War II and now steganographic. Steganography is the latest form to insidiously hide information over the Internet without a trace of a file being altered. You are able to hide messages within images, voice or music. Steganography is an ancient method of hiding messages. Today messages are hidden in images and music. Steganography can be traced back to the ancient Greek who would write messages on tablets and cover them in wax. This made the tablets look blank and unsuspicious (Kolata, F4). Citizens of ancient civilizations would tattoo messages on their shaved heads. They would then let their hair grown in and travel across enemy lines to deliver the message (Seper, G1). During World War II the Allies placed a ban on flower deliveries with dates, crossword puzzles and even report cards (Kolata, F4) for fear of a message being hidden with in. Steganographers fi rst alter their data by using encryption and then place the image into a pre-select image. Steganographers look for a piece of code that would be the least significant and look the least altered to the human eye (Kolata, F4), being as inconspicuousness and random as possible. This makes the messages undetectable unless you knew that there is a message hidden and you were able to crack the code. Hacking and Unhacking Hackers and terrorists have been using this form of technology for years. The United States governmental officials had suspected an attack on the United States for a period of time and thought the information to be hidden using steganography. Anyone can use and get access to steganographic materials. It's easy to download on numerous sights and no software is required. It's an easy and cheap way to keep information secure and undetectable. The number of steganography sites has doubled in the past two years (Kolata, F4). The United States government is also trying to place restrictions on encryption methods to prevent another catastrophic attack in the world such as the World Trade Center attacks. By having access to a private key the government would have unlimited access to secure information and crack codes all for safety reasons (USA Today). A " private key" is needed to decode any steganographic messages. Images are made up from a combination of an abundant of pixels (tiny dots).

Radar in the Modern World :: essays research papers fc

Research Paper  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Radar in the Modern World   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Radar is usually taken for granted in these days of modern technology. Many people do not know how radar is really used, how it works, or why we need it. People are familiar with several uses of radar like police enforcement radar guns and radar that measures how fast a baseball is pitched in a major league game. These are only a few of the many uses radar has to offer. Radar can determine several properties of an object from a distance, such as its position, speed, direction of travel, and shape; it can also detect objects out of the range of sight in all weather conditions, making it a fundamental utility for many industries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term radar actually came from the acronym representing RAdio Detection And Ranging. Radar is a detection system used to locate and identify objects. Simply put, radar is the process in which radio waves are emitted from the source of the system; those waves ricochet off objects in their path, and the radar system detects the echoes of signals that return.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"One would think that so important a contribution to the world’s technology would be chronicled with great care at every step†¦This, unfortunately, is not the case, and for reasons quite understandable† (Page 14). Sometimes history can be hard to distinguish from truth and legend, the history of radar is no exception. Many contributions have been made to the development of radar over the years. For many years prior and during the Second World War, radar was considered a top-secret military tool. Once it was made public, people used the existing information about radar to come up with their own variations for different applications. As a result, the true origin of radar has become blurred within conflicting claims.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Radar can be traced back as far as 1832 when British physicist Michael Faraday suggested the existence of an electromagnetic field between certain objects from his scientific observations. Working from these ideas, British physicist James Clerk Maxwell predicted mathematically the existence and behavior of radio waves in 1873. In 1886, physicist Heinrich Hertz from Germany and Elihu Thomson from America confirmed the existence of radio waves with demonstrations showing examples of reflection, refraction, and direction finding of radio waves. By 1904, Christian Hulsmeyer, a German inventor, applied for a patent for a device that used radio waves in a collision-avoidance device for ships.

Kes the Play

kes In this assignment I am writing about the play called†kes†how Barry Hines the author of Kes brought his characters to life. He has gone into great detail and time to produce this play by trying to bring his characters to reality by their language , the surroundings of that area and the clothing they wear. The area where this scene is set is in a rough, unpleasant place, Barnsley. Although Barnsley is local to us, it is an industrial working class area were poor unwealthy people go to work and try to make end meet to feed their families. All these characters show how they act as normal on an ordinary day, because Barry Hines needed to get across the description that effect his characters in the play. Billy did not have a good relationship between his family his mom and brother. His mom does not care for Billy, all she wants to do is go to parities and knockabout with men, this shows that her children don’t come first in her life. Billy clothes are dirty and appalling with wholes and stains in them because he doesn’t wash his clothes. In the morning when he wakes up his mom doesn’t leave tea in the pot for him and tells him to go to the shop for her to buy cigs, before he goes to school, so Billy will be late, Billy runs out the house and goes to school after having an argument with his mom to go to the shop for cigs. His mom doesn’t have any money for him for hi school dinner because she spent it the night before or she needs it for the night ahead. Billys brother Jud steals his snap for school and takes his bike so Billy’s got nothing for school. Jud went out one night and got really drunk when he came home, Jud woke Billy up to undress him because he was too drunk to do it himself, it is the only way Billy can get his own back by slapping and shouting at him â€Å"you drunken sow og pig bastard. Billys school life is not much better than his home life; his school is run down, horrible and dirty. He thinks the whole world is against him and does get along with other kids in school he doesn’t knock about with any mate’s accept his kestrel bird. Barry Hines the other of Kes describes a bewildering scene into which Billy fits appropriately when he is fighting over a schoolmate over his brother â€Å"Im not frightened of him that would be if he were here I bet I know somebody who could fight him. Soon the fight broke out in the playground everyone gathered round. There is one teacher in the school that takes and interest in Billy due to the hawk. He helped Billy against McDowel so Billy would not get into trouble. The teacher Mr Farthering finds out about Billy’s hawk and asked if he could see the bird. The kestrel is the only pleasure Billy gets in his life, he found it in the formers land in the forest and asked if he could have it, ever since he has owned Kes (name of the bird) he’s been training it, he was so interested in this bird he went to the library to find a book on kestrel but he was not allowed to take it out because he was not a member so he stole it, because Billy was not wealthy his brother and him had to share a bed together. Billy has a paper round, when he goes to collect his papers he steals chocolates and drinks he does this because he is hungry and he probably doesn’t get enough food at home. Billy does his papers in a bad area, the owner of the newsagent Mr Potter said Billys brother Jud gave Billy ? 10 to go and bet on a hoarse, so he went down prepared to bet for Jud as he was down there, Billy spoke to one of Jud’s mates and said it wasn’t worth betting on that hoarse, well Billy did not need to be told twice so he used the money to buy food for him and his bird. As soon as Jud found out his hoarse won and there was no bet on it he went looking for Billy, but Billy hid every time he saw his brother, so Jud stopped looking and went to find Billys only friend in the world and killed his hawk. As soon as Billy found his bird he ran and buried it in the field and went to bed.